Conversion to GA4 · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric bupivacaine changes conversion to GA4 compared with isobaric bupivacaine (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Supplemental analgesia5 · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric bupivacaine changes supplemental analgesia5 compared with isobaric bupivacaine (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Requirement for ephedrine6 · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric bupivacaine changes requirement for ephedrine6 compared with isobaric bupivacaine (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea and vomiting7 · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
Hyperbaric bupivacaine showed no clear difference in nausea and vomiting7 compared with isobaric bupivacaine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Headache8 Participant‐reported · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
Hyperbaric bupivacaine showed no clear difference in headache8 Participant‐reported compared with isobaric bupivacaine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to dermatomal block T4 block (mins) · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
1 finding from 1 review
Amount of ephedrine used(mg/person) · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation
1 finding from 1 review
Daily fluid balance in millilitres (measured from admission to discharge) · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation
1 finding from 1 review
Total volume of crystalloid administered (L) · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation
1 finding from 1 review
Peak serum sodium · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation
1 finding from 1 review
Final serum sodium · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation
1 finding from 1 review
Maximum intraoperative cardiac index · any people undergoing surgery with fluid resuscitation
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Apgar scores at 1 minute · low‐risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Apgar scores at 5 minutes · low‐risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Proportion of maternal participants with desaturation1 · low‐risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Mean maternal arterial oxygen tension (mm Hg) (PaO2) · low‐risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mean maternal oxygen saturation (%) · low‐risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mean oxygen tension (mm Hg) in umbilical artery (UaPO2) · low‐risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review