Summary of findings: Sevelamer showed no clear difference in constipation compared with calcium (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Sevelamer changes nausea compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).
Summary of findings ‐ Lanthanum showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with calcium (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Summary of findings ‐ Lanthanum may leads to lower hypercalcaemia compared with calcium (low certainty).
Summary of findings ‐ Lanthanum showed no clear difference in nausea compared with calcium (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings ‐ Lanthanum changes vomiting compared with calcium (very low certainty).
Summary of findings ‐ Lanthanum showed no clear difference in constipation compared with calcium (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Sevelamer changes vomiting compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).
Summary of findings: Sevelamer may leads to higher constipation compared with placebo/usual care (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Lanthanum changes death (all causes) compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).
Antimicrobial lock solutions may leads to lower CVC ‐ related infections compared with control (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether antimicrobial lock solutions changes thrombosis compared with control (very low certainty).
Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in peritonitis (number of patients with one or more episodes) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).