Interventions side effects: diarrhoea · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
Oral magnesium showed no clear difference in side effects ‐ diarrhoea compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects (any reported throughout the intervention period) (ALL) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
Oral magnesium showed no clear difference in side effects ‐ any compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
Oral magnesium may leads to higher frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency: 50% reduction in number of leg cramps · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
Oral magnesium may leads to higher frequency: 50% reduction in number of leg cramps compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intensity of pain during treatment: mean total scale points The degree of pain was noted in the form, on a scale from 0 to 4 measured over 4 days and nights (0 = no pain, 1 = light pain, 2 = medium pain, 3=strong pain, 4=extreme pain) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
At least 50% reduction in pain · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes intensity of pain: 50% reduction in pain score 100‐mm visual… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps Always · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
Oral magnesium may leads to lower duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps… compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps Sometimes · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency) Partial improvement: decrease in intensity and frequency · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency)… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
Oral midazolam probably leads to higher behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain scores during procedure (VAS: 0 to 100) · women undergoing outpatient colposcopy treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Level of sedation on a sedation assessment scale · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy
1 finding from 1 review
Anxiety · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy
1 finding from 1 review
Incomplete procedure · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy
1 finding from 1 review
Anterograde amnesia (defined by number of participants who recalled the procedure) · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Disinhibition or excitation · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Discomfort/pain · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy
1 finding from 1 review