Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,736 questions · 15,265 findings · 1,163 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,871 · 25.4%GRADE not reported 810 · 5.3%Very low 4,242 · 27.8%Low 3,879 · 25.4%Moderate 1,999 · 13.1%High 464 · 3%

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Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment

Cognitive function · depression and anxiety for people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 730 participants
Low

Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment

Neuropsychiatric symptoms · depression and anxiety for people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 538 participants
Very low

Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment

Depressive symptoms · depression and anxiety for people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 994 participants
Low

Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment

Depression remission · depression and anxiety for people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 20830 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Change in blood potassium (mmol/L) · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 784 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hyperkalaemia · Adults (general population)

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in hyperkalaemia compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.46, 2.38]
5 studies · 22849 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hypokalaemia · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Adverse events: other · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 2109 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 92 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 92 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hypertension ‐ not measured · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Blood pressure control ‐ not measured · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Change in blood potassium (mmol/L) ‐ not measured · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hyperkalaemia · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 21414 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hypokalaemia · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hypertension · Adults (general population)

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in hypertension compared with regular salt (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.03]
1 study · 2566 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Blood pressure target achievement · Adults (general population)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes blood pressure control compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.12 [1.32, 3.41]
2 studies · 253 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Cardiovascular events · Adults (general population)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes cardiovascular events: various compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [0.49, 3.04]
5 studies · 982 participants
Very low