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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,105 questions in 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
current versionsNo studies 434 · 39.3%Ungraded 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: insulin glargine vs NPH insulin Serious adverse events (n/N) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.63, 1.84] | 8 studies · 2229 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: insulin glargine vs NPH insulin HbA1c (%) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 2285 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine All‐cause mortality (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 763 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine Health‐related quality of life (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine Severe hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: hypoglycaemia requiring third party assistance (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.13, 2.63] | 2 studies · 763 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine Non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke Definition: non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 443 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine Severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: severe hypoglycaemia occurring from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.06, 5.12] | 2 studies · 763 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Health‐related quality of life Description: diabetes health profile; insulin therapy‐related quality of life at night (scale not specified) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 870 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine Serious adverse events (n/N) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.72 [0.91, 3.28] | 2 studies · 763 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine HbA1c (%) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 763 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir All‐cause mortality (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 802 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir Health‐related quality of life Scale: Short‐Form 36 version 2 (higher values mean better health‐related quality of life) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 454 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir Severe hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: hypoglycaemia requiring third party assistance (Davies 2014) or altered mental status and cannot assist in their own care, is semiconscious or unconscious, or in a coma ± convulsions and may require parentera... (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.81, 1.69] | 2 studies · 802 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir Non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke Definition: non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 453 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir Severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: severe hypoglycaemia occurring 00:01‐05:59 (Davies 2014) or 23:00‐07:00 (BEGIN Young) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.51, 2.46] | 2 studies · 802 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir Serious adverse events (n/N) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.76, 2.05] | 2 studies · 802 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir HbA1c (%) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 802 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine All‐cause mortality (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.34 [0.15, 11.93] | 3 studies · 973 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Severe hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: hypoglycaemia requiring third party assistance (Bartley 2008; Kobayashi 2007; NCT00605137; Robertson 2007; Russell‐Jones 2004; Standl 2004; Thalange 2013; Vague 2003); episodes where the children were semi‐co... (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.52, 0.92] | 8 studies · 3219 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine Health‐related quality of life Scale: Short‐Form 36 version 2 (higher values mean better health‐related quality of life) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1042 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine Severe hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: hypoglycaemia requiring third party assistance (BEGIN Flex T1; BEGIN Young) or an event associated with impaired consciousness or seizure (Urakami 2017) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.82, 1.82] | 3 studies · 970 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine Non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke Definition: non‐fatal myocardial infarction/cerebral ischaemia (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 970 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine Severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: severe hypoglycaemia occurring from 22:00 to 06:59 h (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.59, 3.27] | 3 studies · 970 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine Serious adverse events (n/N) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.58, 1.46] | 3 studies · 970 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine HbA1c (%) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1388 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke Definition: myocardial infarction (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 495 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: severe hypoglycaemia occurring 23:00‐06:00 (Bartley 2008; NCT00605137; Russell‐Jones 2004; Standl 2004; Vague 2003); occurring 22:00‐07:00 (Robertson 2007; Thalange 2013) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.39, 1.17] | 7 studies · 2925 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Serious adverse events (n/N) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.75, 1.21] | 9 studies · 3332 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin HbA1c (%) (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 3122 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: insulin glargine vs NPH insulin All‐cause mortality (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | 0.14 [0, 6.98] | 8 studies · 2175 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: insulin glargine vs NPH insulin Health‐related quality of life Scales: Well‐Being Enquiry for Diabetics; General Well‐being; Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth and Parents' Diabetes Quality of Life (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1013 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality Median · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | HR 1.06 [0.9, 1.25] | 1 study · 20184 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Diabetes‐related mortality Assessed according to whether diabetes was included anywhere on the death certificate · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | HR 1.26 [0.75, 2.12] | 1 study · 20184 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Diabetes‐related morbidity · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of type 2 diabetes · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Socioeconomic effects · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin Diabetes‐related complications (1) Fatal MI (2) Fatal stroke (3) Progression in retinopathy (4) Amputations (5) ESRD (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.6, 1.77] | 1 study · 4 participants | Very low |
Insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Health‐related quality of life (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 873 participants | Very low |
Insulin detemir vs NPH insulin All‐cause mortality (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.74 [0.2, 2.65] | 8 studies · 2328 participants | Low |
Insulin detemir vs NPH insulin AEs other than hypoglycaemia (1) SAE (2) Overall AE (3) AE leading to discontinuation (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.64, 1.2] | 1 study · 8 participants | Moderate |
Insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Socioeconomic effects (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin detemir vs NPH insulin HbA1c (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 2233 participants | Low |
Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin Hypoglycaemic episodes(1) Severe hypoglycaemia (2) Serious hypoglycaemia (3) Confirmed hypoglycaemia (BG < 75 mg/dL) (4) Confirmed hypoglycaemia (BG < 55 mg/dL) (5) Confirmed nocturnal hypoglycaemia (BG < 75 mg/dL) (6) Confirmed nocturnal hypoglyc... (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.46, 1.01] | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin HRQoL (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1228 participants | Very low |
Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin All‐cause mortality (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.06 [0.62, 1.82] | 14 studies · 6173 participants | Low |
Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin AEs other than hypoglycaemia (1) SAE (2) Overall AE (3) AE leading to discontinuation (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.87, 1.1] | 1 study · 13 participants | Moderate |
Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin Socioeconomic effects (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin HbA1c (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 5809 participants | Low |