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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,050 questions in 42 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 37.2%Ungraded 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults: prophylactic use of alpha blocker vs no drug or intervention Dysuria · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults: prophylactic use of alpha blocker vs no drug or intervention Condition‐specific QoL or generic QoL measure · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults at one time of day (6 am to 7 am) vs another time of day (10 pm to midnight) Symptomatic catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.61, 1.63] | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults at one time of day (6 am to 7 am) vs another time of day (10 pm to midnight) Dysuria · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.2 [0.7, 6.86] | 1 study · 170 participants | Low |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults at one time of day (6 am to 7 am) vs another time of day (10 pm to midnight) Condition‐specific QoL or generic QoL measure · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults after shorter vs longer durations Number of participants requiring recatheterisation · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.81 [1.35, 2.41] | 44 studies · 5870 participants | Low |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults after shorter vs longer durations Symptomatic catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) Â · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.45, 0.61] | 41 studies · 5759 participants | Moderate |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults after shorter vs longer durations Dysuria · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.2, 0.88] | 7 studies · 1398 participants | Low |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults after shorter vs longer durations Condition‐specific QoL or generic QoL measure · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults: clamping vs free drainage Number of participants requiring recatheterisation · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed Strategies for the removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.55, 1.21] | 5 studies · 569 participants | Low |
Aseptic technique vs clean technique Number with symptomatic UTI · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.54, 2.66] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Single‐use (sterile) catheter vs multiple‐use (clean) catheter Cost‐effectiveness · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter Number with symptomatic UTI · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.69, 1.14] | 2 studies · 98 participants | Low |
Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter Adverse effects (urethral trauma/bleeding/haematuria) · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [1.01, 1.87] | 3 studies · 400 participants | Moderate |
Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter Participant‐assessed outcome (satisfaction) (higher score = greater satisfaction)Scale from: 0 to 10 · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 114 participants | Very low |
Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter Participant‐assessed outcome (preference) · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Ungraded |
Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter Cost‐effectiveness · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aseptic technique vs clean technique Adverse effects (urethral trauma/bleeding/haematuria) · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aseptic technique vs clean technique Participant‐assessed outcome(satisfaction) · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aseptic technique vs clean technique Participant‐assessed outcome(preference) · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aseptic technique vs clean technique Cost‐effectiveness · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐use (sterile) catheter vs multiple‐use (clean) catheter Number with symptomatic UTI1 · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.55, 1.74] | 2 studies · 97 participants | Low |
Single‐use (sterile) catheter vs multiple‐use (clean) catheter Participant‐assessed outcome(satisfaction) · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐use (sterile) catheter vs multiple‐use (clean) catheter Participant‐assessed outcome(preference) · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐use (sterile) catheter vs multiple‐use (clean) catheter Adverse effects (urethral trauma/bleeding/haematuria): · long‐term bladder management Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs no treatment or sham operation Number of continent (dry) women (any definition) in the medium term (1 to 5 years) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs conservative management Condition‐specific quality of life · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs drugs Number of continent (dry) women (any definition) in the medium term (1 to 5 years) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs drugs Repeat surgery for urinary incontinence · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs drugs Perioperative surgical complications · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs drugs Long‐term adverse effects · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs drugs Condition‐specific quality of life · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs injectables Number of continent (dry) women (any definition) in the medium term (1 to 5 years) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | OR 11.57 [0.56, 239.7] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs injectables Repeat surgery for urinary incontinence ‐ urodynamic stress incontinence (only) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.05, 5.36] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs injectables Perioperative surgical complications Urinary tract infection ‐ stress urinary incontinence (symptoms only) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.57 [0.29, 8.49] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs injectables Long‐term adverse effects · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs no treatment or sham operation Repeat surgery for urinary incontinence · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs injectables Condition‐specific quality of life · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs anterior repair Number of continent (dry) women (any definition) in the medium term (1 to 5 years) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs anterior repair Repeat surgery for urinary incontinence · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs anterior repair Perioperative surgical complications · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs anterior repair Long‐term adverse effects · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs anterior repair Condition‐specific quality of life · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs bladder neck needle suspension (abdominal and vaginal) Number of continent (dry) women (any definition) in the medium term (1 to 5 years) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | OR 3.86 | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs bladder neck needle suspension (abdominal and vaginal) Repeat surgery for urinary incontinence · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs bladder neck needle suspension (abdominal and vaginal) Perioperative surgical complications ‐ urodynamic stress incontinence (only) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.5 [1.28, 15.81] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs bladder neck needle suspension (abdominal and vaginal) Long‐term adverse effects · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs no treatment or sham operation Perioperative surgical complications · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs bladder neck needle suspension (abdominal and vaginal) Condition‐specific quality of life · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional suburethral sling operation vs open abdominal retropubic colposuspension Number of continent (dry) women (any definition) in the medium term (1 to 5 years) · women with urinary incontinence Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.7 [1.22, 2.37] | 4 studies · 687 participants | Moderate |