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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Complex information, support and training interventions vs information provision only Dropouts for any reason · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [1.04, 2.2] | 12 studies · 1266 participants | Moderate |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs information provision only Use of health and social resources ‐ not reported · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs information provision only Institutional care ‐ nursing home placement · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.67 [0.12, 60.93] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs usual treatment, waiting list or attention control informations Caregiver mood · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 638 participants | Moderate |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs usual treatment, waiting list or attention control informations Caregiver health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 311 participants | Moderate |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs usual treatment, waiting list or attention control informations Dropouts for any reason · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.87, 1.53] | 8 studies · 661 participants | Low |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs usual treatment, waiting list or attention control informations Use of health and social resources · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.05 [0.93, 1.19] | 1 study · 4776 participants | Moderate |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs usual treatment, waiting list or attention control informations Institutional care ‐ nursing home placement · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.11, 3.11] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs information provision only Caregiver burden · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 650 participants | Low |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs information provision only Caregiver mood · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1100 participants | Moderate |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs information provision only Caregiver health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 257 participants | Low |
Discontinued cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Cognitive function (change from baseline, short term) Standardised mean difference (ADAS‐Cog/11, SMMSE, MMSE) · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 344 participants | Low |
Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Dropout due to lack of efficacy of trial medication or deterioration in overall medical condition · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.53 [0.84, 2.76] | 4 studies · 583 participants | Low |
Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Adverse events (any) · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.57, 1.27] | 4 studies · 446 participants | Low |
Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Serious adverse events (SAEs) · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.46, 1.39] | 4 studies · 390 participants | Low |
Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Deaths · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.75 [0.36, 1.55] | 5 studies · 598 participants | Low |
Discontinued cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Functional status (change from baseline, short term) Standardised mean difference (BADLS, ADCS‐ADL‐sev) · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 183 participants | Low |
Discontinued cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Neuropsychiatric status (change from baseline, short term) Standardised mean difference (NPI, NPI‐NH) · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 136 participants | Low |
Discontinued cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Cognitive function (change from baseline, medium term) Standardised mean difference (SMMSE, MMSE) · patients withdementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 411 participants | Very low |
Discontinued cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Functional status (change from baseline, medium term) Standardised mean difference (BADLS, DAD) · patients withdementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 314 participants | Very low |
Discontinued cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor Neuropsychiatric status (change from baseline, medium term) Standardised mean difference (10 and 12‐item NPI) · patients withdementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 410 participants | Low |
Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continuing cholinesterase inhibitor Cognitive function (change from baseline, long term) SMMSE · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 108 participants | Moderate |
Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continuing cholinesterase inhibitor Functional status (change from baseline, long term) BADLS · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 109 participants | Moderate |
Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continuing cholinesterase inhibitor Neuropsychiatric status (change in NPI from baseline, long term) NPI · patients with dementia Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 108 participants | Moderate |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Comfort in dying · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 335 participants | Very low |
Advance care planning vs usual care Pain ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Palliative care plan in place ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Quality of Life ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Advance care planning discussion occurred · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.87, 1.24] | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Advance care planning vs usual care Concordance with goals of care · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [1.08, 1.79] | 1 study · 63 participants | Low |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Symptom management · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 226 participants | Very low |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Pain ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Palliative care plan in place · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 5.84 [1.37, 25.02] | 1 study · 99 participants | Very low |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Quality of life · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Advance care planning discussion occurred · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [1, 1.18] | 1 study · 193 participants | Very low |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Concordance with goals of care ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Comfort in dying ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Symptom management · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Comparison: cannabinoids vs placebo Changes in global and specific cognitive functions, sMMSE scale ( · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Comparison: cannabinoids vs placebo Overall behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, NPI and NPI‐NH total score ( · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 111 participants | Low |
Comparison: cannabinoids vs placebo Agitated or aggressive behaviours in dementia patients, measured on the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) Scale (range 29 to 203, with 29 meaning no symptoms, and higher number of points indicating more severe symptoms)Â · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 100 participants | Low |
Comparison: cannabinoids vs placebo Adverse events ‐ nervous system disorders ‐ total nervous system disorders ( · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.71 [0.23, 2.18] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Comparison: cannabinoids vs placebo Adverse events ‐ psychiatric disorders ‐ total psychiatric disorders ( · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.26 [0.57, 9.02] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Comparison: cannabinoids vs placebo Adverse events ‐ gastrointestinal disorders ‐ total gastrointestinal disorders ( · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.4 [0.4, 14.49] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Comparison: cannabinoids vs placebo Adverse events ‐ general ‐ total general adverse events ( · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.11, 4.58] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Typical antipsychotics vs placebo Agitation ‐ presented in units on CMAI (higher is worse)a ‐ 361 persons in 4 RCTs of 3 to 16 weeks Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Psychosis ‐ presented in units of NPI‐NH P (higher is worse)d ‐ 3364 persons in 12 RCTs of 3 to 12 weeks Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Response for psychosis ‐ as defined by authors of RCTs ‐ 1958 persons in 7 RCTs of 3 to 12 weeks Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Somnolence ‐ Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |