Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in assisted vaginal birth compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pain management in labour
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with pain relief · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Use of pharmacological pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Assisted vaginal birth — not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section · pain management in labour
Acupressure showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with pain relief · pain management in labour
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in satisfaction with pain relief in labour compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe postpartum haemorrhage · women in the third stage of labour
1 finding from 1 review
Serious maternal morbidity · women in the third stage of labour
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal death · women in the third stage of labour
1 finding from 1 review
Blood transfusion · women in the third stage of labour
1 finding from 1 review
Women not using/receiving misoprostol at birth · women in the third stage of labour
It is very uncertain whether advance misoprostol distribution/provision to pregnant women for… changes women not using/receiving misoprostol at birth compared with usual (or standard) care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Inappropriate use (or misuse) of misoprostol · women in the third stage of labour
It is very uncertain whether advance misoprostol distribution/provision to pregnant women for… changes inappropriate use (or misuse) of misoprostol compared with usual (or standard) care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal transfer or referral to a health facility · women in the third stage of labour
It is very uncertain whether advance misoprostol distribution/provision to pregnant women for… changes maternal transfer or referral to a health facility compared with usual (or standard) care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal outcomes · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Systolic BP ≥ 150 mmHg · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found