Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

115 questions · 132 findings · 9 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 22 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 8 · 6.1%Very low 70 · 53%Low 23 · 17.4%Moderate 4 · 3%High 5 · 3.8%

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care

Risk of fracture Length of · and

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions changes risk of fracture Length of compared with usual care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings: whole‐body cryotherapy (WBC) vs control (no WBC or passive rest)

Muscle pain at rest · physically‐active adults partaking in exercise designed to produce delayed onset muscle soreness (most trial participants were male)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: whole‐body cryotherapy (WBC) changes muscle soreness: pain at rest (VAS) compared with control (no WBC or passive rest) (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding

Summary of findings: whole‐body cryotherapy (WBC) vs control (no WBC or passive rest)

Adverse events · physically‐active adults partaking in exercise designed to produce delayed onset muscle soreness (most trial participants were male)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises may leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures. compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises leads to lower number of people who experienced one of more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

Physical function · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

'Treatment failure': various secondary procedures such as remanipulation for early loss of position; early or more complex wire removal ( · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes 'Treatment failure': various secondary procedures such as… compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

Serious adverse events (typically more serious complications) ( · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes serious adverse events (typically more serious complications) ( compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

Minor complications (less serious).j Here represented by referral for physical therapy for range of motion limitation (post‐immobilisation after 4 weeks) · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes minor complications (less serious).j Here represented by referral… compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review