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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

94 questions · 109 findings · 9 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

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No studies found 20 · 18.3%GRADE not reported 8 · 7.3%Very low 55 · 50.5%Low 17 · 15.6%Moderate 4 · 3.7%High 5 · 4.6%

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise may leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐year) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: whole‐body cryotherapy (WBC) vs control (no WBC or passive rest)

Muscle pain at rest · physically‐active adults partaking in exercise designed to produce delayed onset muscle soreness (most trial participants were male)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: whole‐body cryotherapy (WBC) changes muscle soreness: pain at rest (VAS) compared with control (no WBC or passive rest) (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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Summary of findings: whole‐body cryotherapy (WBC) vs control (no WBC or passive rest)

Adverse events · physically‐active adults partaking in exercise designed to produce delayed onset muscle soreness (most trial participants were male)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises leads to lower number of people who experienced one of more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review