Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

298 questions · 298 findings · 46 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 69 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 21 · 7%Very low 75 · 25.2%Low 66 · 22.1%Moderate 57 · 19.1%High 10 · 3.4%

Antihistamines vs scopolamine

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · patients with motion sickness

It is very uncertain whether antihistamines changes adverse effects: sedation Assessed by: self‐reported compared with scopolamine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihistamines vs acupuncture

Adverse effects: sedation, impaired cognitive function, blurred vision · patients with motion sickness

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antihistamines vs placebo

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · patients with motion sickness

Antihistamines may leads to higher adverse effects: sedation Assessed by: adverse effect questionnaire… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (75 mg/kg) vs pentobarbital intravenous (5 mg/kg)

Proportion of children who had sedation failure after 1 dose of sedative agent · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (75 mg/kg) may leads to higher proportion of children who had sedation failure after 1 dose of… compared with pentobarbital intravenous (5 mg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (75 mg/kg) vs pentobarbital intravenous (5 mg/kg)

Proportion of children who had sedation failure after 2 doses of sedative agent (same or different) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

It is very uncertain whether chloral hydrate oral (75 mg/kg) changes proportion of children who had sedation failure after 2 doses of… compared with pentobarbital intravenous (5 mg/kg) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) vs midazolam

Proportion of children with inadequate level of sedation (Ramsay score below 4) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) probably leads to lower proportion of children with inadequate level of sedation (Ramsay… compared with midazolam (intranasal 0.2 mg/kg or oral 0.5 mg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) vs midazolam

Proportion of children who had sedation failure after 1 dose of sedative agent · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in proportion of children who had sedation failure after 1 dose of… compared with midazolam (intranasal 0.2 mg/kg or oral 0.5 mg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg) vs hydroxyzine hydrochloride oral (1 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg)

Proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level… compared with hydroxyzine hydrochloride oral (1 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (70 mg/kg) vs promethazine

Proportion of children with inadequate level of sedation (Ramsay score below 4) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (70 mg/kg) may leads to lower proportion of children with inadequate level of sedation (Ramsay… compared with promethazine oral (1 mg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (70 mg/kg) vs promethazine

Proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (70 mg/kg) probably leads to lower proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level… compared with promethazine oral (1 mg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine oral (2 µg/kg or 3 µg/kg)

Proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level… compared with dexmedetomidine oral (2 µg/kg or 3 µg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review