What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or targeted therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or… changes toxicity compared with BSC (very low certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 972 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or targeted therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1129 participants
  Very low

Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term)

• Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term)

Avatar Therapy probably leads to higher leaving study early: for any reason – short term compared with supportive counselling (all short‐term) (moderate certainty).

• Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06
  1 study · 150 participants
  Moderate

Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term)

• Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term)

• Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 120 participants
  Low

Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term)

• Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term)

• Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 124 participants
  Low

Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term)

• Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 124 participants
  Low

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Biological therapy showed no clear difference in any adverse events compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (high certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [1, 1.17]
  1 study · 491 participants
  High

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 283 participants
  Low

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Biological therapy leads to lower overall survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (high certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.55 [0.41, 0.73]
  3 studies · 781 participants
  High

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Biological therapy probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.33 [0.19, 0.57]
  3 studies · 781 participants
  Moderate

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Biological therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.95, 1.37]
  2 studies · 638 participants
  Low

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Biological therapy may leads to higher tumour response rate compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.12 [1.23, 21.27]
  3 studies · 687 participants
  Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

• Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 152 participants
  Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Cognitive behaviour therapy showed no clear difference in short‐term remission ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.67 [0.25, 1.82]
  3 studies · 176 participants
  Low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term response ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.12 [0.4, 3.26]
  3 studies · 176 participants
  Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behaviour therapy changes short‐term dropouts ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.64 [0.28, 1.43]
  3 studies · 176 participants
  Very low

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy

Cognitive behaviour therapy showed no clear difference in long‐term remission/response ( compared with supportive psychotherapy (low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.09 [0.73, 5.98]
  1 study · 80 participants
  Low