Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

93 questions · 103 findings · 11 reviews

No studies found 18 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 8 · 7.8%Very low 28 · 27.2%Low 28 · 27.2%Moderate 15 · 14.6%High 6 · 5.8%

Opioid antagonists vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting
2 findings from 1 review

Ginger vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether ginger changes nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Persistent pain 3 to 8 months after caesarean section (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between 3 to... · women after caesarean section

The intervention probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 8 months after caesarean section (We defined… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Persistent pain 3 to 55 months after iliac crest bone graft harvesting (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient inter... · people after iliac crest bone graft harvesting

The intervention showed no clear difference in persistent pain 3 to 55 months after iliac crest bone graft… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Persistent pain 3 to 6 months after breast cancer surgery (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between ... · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 6 months after breast cancer surgery (We… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review