Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Manual fundal pressure vs no fundal pressure

No spontaneous vaginal birth within a specified time · women with singleton pregnancy in vertex position in second stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether manual fundal pressure changes no spontaneous vaginal birth within a specified time, as defined by… compared with no fundal pressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manual fundal pressure vs no fundal pressure

Operative birth (caesarean or instrumental vaginal) · women with singleton pregnancy in vertex position in second stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether manual fundal pressure changes operative birth ‐ Instrumental or caesarean birth compared with no fundal pressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manual fundal pressure vs no fundal pressure

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women with singleton pregnancy in vertex position in second stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether manual fundal pressure changes APGAR score less than 7 at 5 minutes compared with no fundal pressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fundal pressure by inflatable belt vs no fundal pressure

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women with singleton pregnancy in vertex position in second stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether fundal pressure by inflatable belt changes apgar score less than 7 after 5 minutes compared with no fundal pressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fundal pressure by inflatable belt vs no fundal pressure

Operative birth (caesarean or instrumental vaginal) · women with singleton pregnancy in vertex position in second stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether fundal pressure by inflatable belt changes operative birth ‐ instrumental or caesarean section compared with no fundal pressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy vs no treatment

Incidence of Rhesus D alloimmunisation during pregnancy · Rh‐negative women without anti‐D antibodies

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy showed no clear difference in incidence of Rhesus D alloimmunisation during pregnancy compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution vs control (no preparation or saline preparation)

Post‐cesarean endometritis · pregnant women undergoing caesarean section

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution probably leads to lower post‐cesarean endometritis compared with control (no preparation or saline preparation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review