What do systematic reviews say?

Multiple doses of deworming drugs vs placebo

• Public health deworming programmes for soil‐transmitted helminths in children living in endemic areas 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 34967 participants
  Moderate

Multiple doses of deworming drugs vs placebo

Multiple doses of deworming drugs showed no clear difference in mortality (between ages 1 and 6 years) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Public health deworming programmes for soil‐transmitted helminths in children living in endemic areas 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.89, 1.92]
  3 studies · 1005135 participants
  Low

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg multiple doses vs single dose

It is very uncertain whether praziquantel 40 mg/kg multiple doses changes parasitological failure At 2 years compared with single dose (very low certainty).

• Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.71 [1.47, 5]
  1 study · 62 participants
  Very low

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg multiple doses vs single dose

• Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 62 participants
  Very low

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg multiple doses vs single dose

It is very uncertain whether praziquantel 40 mg/kg multiple doses changes parasitological failure At 3 years compared with single dose (very low certainty).

• Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.59, 1.42]
  1 study · 43 participants
  Very low

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg multiple doses vs single dose

It is very uncertain whether praziquantel 40 mg/kg multiple doses changes haematuria At 3 years compared with single dose (very low certainty).

• Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.42, 1.17]
  1 study · 43 participants
  Very low

Praziquantel 40 mg/kg multiple doses vs single dose

• Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 43 participants
  Very low

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multiple LTF gene variants (joint / gene-based) vs Caries-free controls

A gene-based analysis indicated that multiple LTF variants were jointly associated with dental caries risk (weighted TPM P = 0.0007; no pooled effect estimate; ungraded).

• The association between genetic variants in lactotransferrin and dental caries: a meta- and gene-based analysis. 2020 All outcomes

  Brazil; United States; European countries; China · Gene-based joint association (LTF)
  P-value (gene-based, weighted TPM) 0.0007
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

• Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.66 [0.5, 0.88]
  11 studies · 1374 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

• Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.64, 0.96]
  17 studies · 1623 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

• Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.62, 1.16]
  3 studies · 1810 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

• Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1177 participants
  Very low

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) showed no clear difference in hospital admission compared with nebuliser (low certainty).

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.47, 1.08]
  9 studies · 757 participants
  Low