Quality of life at post‐treatment Indexed by self‐report measures of quality of life or functional disability · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Healthcare use · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
Psychological therapy probably leads to lower acceptability 1 ‐ proportion of participants withdrawing during… compared with usual care or waiting list (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dysfunctional cognitions, emotions, or behaviours (participant rated) at end of treatment Whitely Index · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
Psychological therapy may leads to higher treatment response at end of treatment CGI‐improvement/Global… compared with usual care or waiting list (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life at post‐treatment Indexed by self‐report measures of quality of life or functional disability · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Healthcare use · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of somatic symptoms at end of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
Psychological therapy showed no clear difference in acceptability 1 ‐ proportion of participants withdrawing during… compared with enhanced or structured care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dysfunctional cognitions, emotions, or behaviours at end of treatment Whitely Index (different forms) · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence
Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence
The intervention leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus… (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence
Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
Topical urea 10% (Alvarenga da Silva 2014) contributes to the topical treatments short-term symptom-relief comparison (insufficient/contradictory); no separate estimate reported.
1 study · 38 participants
GRADE not reported
Change in feeling of dryness · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
SoF9. Change in feeling of dryness short-term (xerostomia questionnaire, 1-5, lower better): single study narratively reported no difference before or after treatment; 38 participants (1 RCT, topical urea); very low.
1 study · 38 participants
Very low
Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
SoF9. Change in taste short-term (Quantitative Sensory Testing gustative threshold): single study narratively reported no difference in short-term gustation thresholds; 38 participants (1 RCT, topical urea); very low.
1 study · 38 participants
Very low
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
2 findings from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · capsaicin oral rinse
Capsaicin oral rinse (Marino 2010; Silvestre 2012) contributes to the topical treatments short-term symptom-relief comparison (insufficient/contradictory). Silvestre 2012 data not presented due to 23% first-phase…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomeslong-term (>3 to 6 months) · capsaicin oral rinse
MD -2.60 [-5.11, -0.09]
1 study · 18 participants
Very low
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · benzydamine hydrochloride
SoF9 Topical treatments vs placebo. Symptom relief short-term: insufficient or contradictory evidence regarding benefit of any evaluated topical treatment; 150 participants (4 RCTs); very low. Subgroups: benzydamine (1…
4 studies · 150 participants
Very low
Adverse effects · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review