Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

94 questions · 99 findings · 7 reviews · Dental public health and special care

No studies found 27 · 27.3%GRADE not reported 17 · 17.2%Very low 37 · 37.4%Low 17 · 17.2%Moderate 1 · 1%High 0 · 0%

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (carer experience) (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
    Comparison 1.6 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Bildt 2010, Superbrush vs conventional, 4 months, 18 participants (1 RCT): carer handling of toothbrush MD 0.50 (95% CI -0.35 to…
    1 study · 18 participants
    Very low

Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers

Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (carer experience) (medium term) · People with mixed levels of ID (age range unclear); setting residential

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene care training of carers changes behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy of carers (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Plaque · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

It is very uncertain whether special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) changes plaque (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Gingivitis · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers

Oral health knowledge of carers (medium term) · People with mixed levels of ID (age range unclear); setting residential

Oral hygiene care training of carers may leads to higher oral health knowledge of carers (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID

Gingivitis · Children and adults with mild to profound ID; setting residential or school

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID changes gingival inflammation (short term) compared with no oral hygiene training of people with ID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individualised oral care plan based on a multidisciplinary assessment vs usual care

Plaque · Adults aged 22 to 57 years with mixed levels of ID; setting residential
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
    Individualised oral care plan vs usual care. Subjective Oral Hygiene Rating scale 1-5 and Improvement Differential, mean 12 months; SOHR 2.97 (intervention) vs 3.10 (control); improvement differential 38% vs 5%; 79…
    1 study · 79 participants
    Very low

Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers

Gingival inflammation (medium term) · People with mixed levels of ID (age range unclear); setting residential

Oral hygiene care training of carers showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Daily toothbrushing by a dental student vs Twice-weekly or once-weekly toothbrushing by a dental student

Gingivitis · People aged 15 to 30 years with mixed levels of ID; setting residential
1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (<6 weeks)
    Daily vs twice-weekly or once-weekly toothbrushing by dental students. Buccal and labial Loe & Silness index, mean 21 days; 80 participants (1 RCT); Low. Brushing daily most likely reduced gingival inflammation more…
    1 study · 80 participants
    Low

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Gingival inflammation (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

It is very uncertain whether special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) changes gingival inflammation (medium term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Discussion of individual clinical photographs (plaque highlighted by a disclosing agent) as an oral hygiene motivator, plus oral hygiene instruction vs No discussion of clinical photographs, but received the same oral hygiene instruction

Plaque · People with ID (level of ID and age unclear); setting day centre

It is very uncertain whether discussion of individual clinical photographs (plaque highlighted by… changes plaque (medium term) compared with no discussion of clinical photographs, but received the same oral… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Calculus · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified

Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in calculus (medium term) compared with manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Screening for domestic violence vs Different screening tool

Proportion of victims of domestic violence detected by self report · Adults (16 years of age and older) who present to any healthcare setting with dental or facial injury

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Screening for domestic violence vs No screening

Proportion of victims of domestic violence detected by self report · Adults (16 years of age and older) who present to any healthcare setting with dental or facial injury

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review