What do systematic reviews say?

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

In children younger than 6 years, OHPPs were associated with lower odds of DMFT/S (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.39; ungraded).

• Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Oral-Health Promotion in Dental Caries Prevention among Children:… 2019 All outcomes

  Community settings: home visits, telephone contacts, healthcare centers, and primary schools · Age < 6 years
  OR 0.14 [0.05, 0.39]
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

One-to-one dietary intervention aimed at preventing tooth erosion (e.g., reducing consumption of acidic/carbonated drinks) vs No dietary advice, or different dietary advice

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  There were no studies concerned with dietary change aimed at preventing tooth erosion.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes dietary advice plus exercise advice(1 trial; 265 participants)… (very low certainty).

• Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.63
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene… changes caries presence in primary teeth compared with standard care (very low certainty).

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children assessed at 1-6 yrs
  RR 0.73 [0.50, 1.07]
  5 studies · 1326 participants
  Very low

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene… changes caries presence in top front four teeth compared with standard care (very low certainty).

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children assessed at 3 yrs · Higher-protein diet trial
  RR 0.68 [0.42, 1.10]
  1 study · 226 participants
  Very low

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene… showed no clear difference in dmfs index score compared with standard care (low certainty).

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children assessed at 3 yrs
  MD -0.87 [-2.18, 0.43]
  2 studies · 657 participants
  Low
• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children assessed at 6 yrs
  MD -0.30 [-0.96, 0.36]
  1 study · 187 participants
  Low

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Two trials (Batliner 2018; Plutzer 2008) provided information on changes in mother oral health behaviours (other data): some benefit in favour of the intervention.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Birth to 6 yrs
  Plutzer 2008 reported dental attendance as cumulative child-visit categories (other data): intervention children more likely to have 1-2 visits, no difference for 3-4 visits, less likely for >=5 visits.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Three trials (Muhoozi 2017; Pereira 2021; Yu 2021) reported changes in child oral health behaviours (other data): some benefit in favour of the intervention.
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One trial (Harrison 2012) reported observing no adverse events; other trials provided no information on adverse events.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene… led to lower child plaque (any plaque visible on any teeth) compared with standard care; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.35 [0.26, 0.47]
  1 study · 441 participants
  GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Veronneau 2010 (narrative): at 5-6 yrs mean d1-4efs 4.9 (test) vs 6.8 (control) (p < 0.001).
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene… showed no clear difference in child microbiological presence (mutans streptococci colonisation) compared with standard care; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Yu 2021: MS colonisation level (CFU x10^4) lower with intervention at 2 yrs (MD -2.80) and 3 yrs (MD -15, 95% CI -27.75 to -2.25) but not 1 yr (MD -0.20, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.10); MS-to-total-bacteria ratio lower at 1 yr…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene… led to lower siC30 index score compared with standard care; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children assessed at 6 yrs
  MD -0.93 [-1.73, -0.13]
  1 study · 187 participants
  GRADE not reported

One-to-one advice on sugar restriction: detailed information on the sugar content of foods, with instruction to refrain from sugar-containing foods between meals and to reduce sugar in main meals (6-week sugar restriction) vs No advice on sugar restriction

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks
  Table 5, mean (SD) intakes/day between meals: intervention 6.7 (1.9) baseline, 0.8 (1.0) at 3 weeks, 0.9 (1.0) at 6 weeks, 5.6 (3.0) at 12 weeks; control 5.3 (2.3), 5.2 (2.9), 4.6 (3.5), 4.7 (1.5). Significant…
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

One-to-one advice on sugar restriction: detailed information on the sugar content of foods, with instruction to refrain from sugar-containing foods between meals and to reduce sugar in main meals (6-week sugar restriction) vs No advice on sugar restriction

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks
  Table 5, mean (SD) intakes/day at main meals: intervention 2.8 (0.5) baseline, 0.7 (0.7) at 3 weeks, 0.8 (0.9) at 6 weeks, 2.3 (0.8) at 12 weeks; control 1.9 (1.1), 1.9 (1.2), 1.9 (1.1), 2.0 (0.9). Significant…
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported