Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,377 questions · 1,433 findings · 149 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 326 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 87 · 6.1%Very low 440 · 30.7%Low 364 · 25.4%Moderate 190 · 13.3%High 26 · 1.8%

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · pelvic organ prolapse in women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Psychological outcome measures at ≥ 12 months · pelvic organ prolapse in women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Spotting · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ abnormal vaginal bleeding compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.18 [0.69, 6.91]
1 study · 260 participants
Low

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Number of women with adverse events ‐ de novo voiding difficulty · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ de novo voiding difficulty compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.54, 3.19]
1 study · 189 participants
Low

Any pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Perceived resolution of prolapse symptoms ≥ 12 months · pelvic organ prolapse in women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Patients perceived improvement in symptoms of prolapse assessed using validated symptom questionnaire at 1 year ‐ not reported · pelvic organ prolapse in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 117 participants
Low

Any pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Prolapse‐specific quality of life · pelvic organ prolapse in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 116 participants
Low

Resilience interventions vs controls

Resilience Measured by: investigators measured resilience using different instruments; higher scores mean higher resilience Timing of outcome assessment: post‐intervention · healthcare students, including students in training for health professions delivering direct medical care (e.g. medical students, nursing…

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare students 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 561 participants
Very low

Resilience interventions vs controls

Anxiety · healthcare students, including students in training for health professions delivering direct medical care (e.g. medical students, nursing…

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare students 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 362 participants
Very low

Resilience interventions vs controls

Mental health and well‐being: depressionMeasured by: investigators measured depression using different instruments; lower scores mean lower depression Timing of outcome assessment: post‐intervention · healthcare students, including students in training for health professions delivering direct medical care (e.g. medical students, nursing…

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare students 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 332 participants
Very low

Resilience interventions vs controls

Stress 1 month · healthcare students, including students in training for health professions delivering direct medical care (e.g. medical students, nursing…

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare students 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 420 participants
Very low

Resilience interventions vs controls

Quality of life/Mental health outcome · healthcare students, including students in training for health professions delivering direct medical care (e.g. medical students, nursing…

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare students 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 251 participants
Very low

Resilience interventions vs controls

Adverse events · healthcare students, including students in training for health professions delivering direct medical care (e.g. medical students, nursing…

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare students 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 566 participants
Very low

Motivational interviewing/mindfulness and cognitive skills vs relaxation training

Drug abuse Self reported use of marijuana · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 181 participants
Moderate

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard… changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.73, 1.68]
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Quality of life measurements · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found