What do systematic reviews say?

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.85, 1.06]
  31 studies · 4373 participants
  High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids probably leads to lower BPD (36 weeks' PMA) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.73, 0.88]
  26 studies · 4167 participants
  Moderate

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.84, 0.94]
  26 studies · 4167 participants
  High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.84 [1.36, 2.49]
  16 studies · 3040 participants
  High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.42 [1.06, 1.91]
  13 studies · 1973 participants
  High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

• Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.91, 1.16]
  13 studies · 1973 participants
  High

Endothelin receptor antagonists vs placebo

• Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 2739 participants
  Moderate

Endothelin receptor antagonists vs placebo

Endothelin receptor antagonists probably leads to higher proportion of participants with improved functional class mean… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.41 [1.16, 1.7]
  15 studies · 3060 participants
  Moderate

Endothelin receptor antagonists vs placebo

• Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 788 participants
  Low

Endothelin receptor antagonists vs placebo

Endothelin receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in mortality mean duration of study 30.2 weeks compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.78 [0.58, 1.07]
  12 studies · 2889 participants
  Low

Endothelin receptor antagonists vs placebo

• Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 729 participants
  Moderate

Endothelin receptor antagonists vs placebo

• Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 586 participants
  Moderate

Endothelin receptor antagonists vs placebo

Endothelin receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in hepatic toxicity mean duration of study 25 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.88 [0.91, 3.9]
  11 studies · 2250 participants
  Moderate

Integrated disease management interventions vs usual care

• Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 4321 participants
  Moderate

Integrated disease management interventions vs usual care

• Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 2071 participants
  Moderate

Integrated disease management interventions vs usual care

Integrated disease management interventions leads to lower respiratory‐related hospital admissions compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.64 [0.5, 0.81]
  15 studies · 4207 participants
  High

Integrated disease management interventions vs usual care

Integrated disease management interventions probably leads to lower hospital admissions, all causes compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.75 [0.57, 0.98]
  10 studies · 9030 participants
  Moderate

Integrated disease management interventions vs usual care

• Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 3563 participants
  Moderate

Integrated disease management interventions vs usual care

Integrated disease management interventions probably leads to lower ED visits compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.69 [0.5, 0.93]
  9 studies · 8791 participants
  Moderate

Xpert Ultra vs Xpert MTB/RIF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Xpert Ultra versus Xpert MTB/RIF for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults with presumptive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found