Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,447 questions · 2,590 findings · 266 reviews

No studies found 699 · 27%GRADE not reported 289 · 11.2%Very low 614 · 23.7%Low 605 · 23.4%Moderate 322 · 12.4%High 61 · 2.4%

Prebiotic vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10)

It is very uncertain whether prebiotics changes withdrawals due to adverse events (14 days to 2 or 3 months) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inulin and oligofructose 15 g vs inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily

Clinical remission · Patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether inulin and oligofructose 15 g changes clinical remission (9 weeks) compared with inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inulin and oligofructose 15 g vs inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily

Clinical improvement (Mayo score) (9 weeks) · Patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether inulin and oligofructose 15 g changes clinical improvement (Mayo score) (9 weeks) compared with inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inulin and oligofructose 15 g vs inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily

Total adverse events (9 weeks) · Patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether inulin and oligofructose 15 g changes total adverse events (9 weeks) compared with inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Other methods (pooled: nano-silver fluoride, sodium fluoride varnish)

Caries arrestment at the surface level · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)

SDF probably makes little to no difference to surface-level caries arrestment versus other methods (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Other methods (pooled: ART/glass ionomer cement, nano-silver fluoride, sodium fluoride varnish, placebo)

Adverse effects (tooth staining and other side effects) · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)

SDF commonly causes black staining of arrested lesions; only mild, transient adverse events were reported, with no major adverse events (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Change in gingival recession (REC) · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment

It is very uncertain whether adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after… changes change in gingival recession (REC) compared with subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or… (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Pocket closure · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment

Difficulty in mouth opening (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) led to lower difficulty in mouth opening (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment

Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Nano-silver fluoride (NSF; with or without green tea extract)

Caries arrestment at the tooth level · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)

Pooling two trials, SDF and nano-silver fluoride showed no significant difference in tooth-level caries arrestment (OR 1.47; ungraded subgroup).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Attachment change · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline vs Placebo or no active treatment

Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline changes burning sensation (VAS 0-100) compared with placebo or no active treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT

Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment

Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after… led to higher change in bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review