Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,511 questions · 2,668 findings · 290 reviews

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No studies found 743 · 27.8%GRADE not reported 329 · 12.3%Very low 775 · 29%Low 484 · 18.1%Moderate 279 · 10.5%High 58 · 2.2%

Time‐directed extubation protocol vs usual care

Length of hospital stay · adult cardiac surgical patients

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1334 participants
Low

Low‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia vs high‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia

Postoperative complications ‐ Myocardial infarction · adult cardiac surgical patients

Low‐dose opioid‐based GA showed no clear difference in postoperative myocardial infarction compared with high‐dose opioid‐based GA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.48, 1.99]
8 studies · 1683 participants
Low

Low‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia vs high‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia

Postoperative complications ‐ Stroke · adult cardiac surgical patients

Low‐dose opioid‐based GA showed no clear difference in postoperative stroke compared with high‐dose opioid‐based GA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.36, 3.78]
5 studies · 562 participants
Low

Low‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia vs high‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia

Postoperative tracheal reintubation · adult cardiac surgical patients

Low‐dose opioid‐based GA showed no clear difference in postoperative tracheal reintubation compared with high‐dose opioid‐based GA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.77 [0.38, 8.27]
5 studies · 594 participants
Low

Low‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia vs high‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia

Time to extubation (hours) · adult cardiac surgical patients

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 2486 participants
Low

Low‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia vs high‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia

Length of critical care stay (hours) · adult cardiac surgical patients

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 1394 participants
Low

Low‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia vs high‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia

Length of hospital stay · adult cardiac surgical patients

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 913 participants
Low

Time‐directed extubation protocol vs usual care

Mortality ‐ Death at any time after surgery · adult cardiac surgical patients

Time‐directed extubation protocol showed no clear difference in mortality ‐ Death at any time after surgery compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.45, 1.45]
10 studies · 1802 participants
Low

Time‐directed extubation protocol vs usual care

Postoperative complications ‐ Myocardial infarction · adult cardiac surgical patients

Time‐directed extubation protocol showed no clear difference in postoperative myocardial infarction compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.27, 1.31]
8 studies · 1378 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Postoperative mortality · people with surgical treatment for periampullary or pancreatic carcinoma

The intervention showed no clear difference in postoperative mortality (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.64 [0.26, 1.54]
7 studies · 464 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pancreatic fistula · people with surgical treatment for periampullary or pancreatic carcinoma

The intervention showed no clear difference in pancreatic fistula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.95 [0.49, 1.84]
7 studies · 468 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

DGE · people with surgical treatment for periampullary or pancreatic carcinoma

The intervention may leads to higher DGE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.03 [1.05, 8.7]
7 studies · 459 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Overall survival · people with surgical treatment for periampullary or pancreatic carcinoma

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.84 [0.61, 1.16]
3 studies · 284 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Intraoperative blood loss (millilitres) · people with surgical treatment for periampullary or pancreatic carcinoma

The intervention showed no clear difference in intraoperative blood loss (millilitres) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 404 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Red blood cell transfusion (units) · people with surgical treatment for periampullary or pancreatic carcinoma

The intervention showed no clear difference in red blood cell transfusion (units) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 273 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Operating time (minutes) · people with surgical treatment for periampullary or pancreatic carcinoma

The intervention showed no clear difference in operating time (minutes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 472 participants
Low

Percutaneous techniques vs surgical techniques

Mortality directly related to the procedure (Total mortality) · patients with tracheostomy

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous techniques versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
0.52 [0.1, 2.6]
4 studies · 257 participants
Low

Percutaneous techniques vs surgical techniques

Intraoperative serious, life‐threatening adverse events · patients with tracheostomy

Percutaneous techniques showed no clear difference in intraoperative serious, life‐threatening adverse events compared with surgical techniques (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous techniques versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.57, 1.53]
12 studies · 1211 participants
Low

Percutaneous techniques vs surgical techniques

Direct postoperative serious, life‐threatening adverse events · patients with tracheostomy

Percutaneous techniques showed no clear difference in direct postoperative serious, life‐threatening adverse events compared with surgical techniques (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous techniques versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.41, 1.25]
10 studies · 984 participants
Low

Percutaneous techniques vs surgical techniques

Wound infection/stomatitis · patients with tracheostomy

Percutaneous techniques probably leads to lower wound infection/stomatitis compared with surgical techniques (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous techniques versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.24 [0.15, 0.37]
12 studies · 936 participants
Moderate