1‐Year distant brain controlNo. of participants: 602(4 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
Radiosurgery alone leads to higher 1‐Year distant brain controlNo. of participants: 602(4 RCTs) compared with WBRT and radiosurgery (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 2.34 [1.73, 3.18]
Studies not reported
High
Adverse effectsNo. of participants: 1754(9 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
NeurocognitionNo. of participants: 403(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Neurological functionNo. of participants: 544(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Quality of lifeNo. of participants: 271(2 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Overall survival: WBRT 4000 cGy/20 fractions BID vs control WBRT (2000 cGy/4‐5 daily fractions)No. of participants: 203(2 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules showed no clear difference in overall survival: WBRT 4000 cGy/20 fractions BID vs control WBRT… compared with WBRT control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 1.18 [0.89, 1.56]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Adverse effectsNo. of participants: 1754(9 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Symptom controlNo. of participants: 1814(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Overall brain controlNo. of participants: 203(2 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Neurological function improvement: lower‐dose WBRT vs control dose WBRT (3000 cGy/10 fractions)No. of participants: 1612(5 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules probably leads to higher neurological function improvement: lower‐dose WBRT vs control dose… compared with WBRT control: neurological function improvement (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.74 [1.06, 2.84]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Neurological function improvement: higher‐dose WBRT vs control dose WBRT (3000 cGy/10 fractions)No. of participants: 1480(4 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules showed no clear difference in neurological function improvement: higher‐dose WBRT vs control dose… compared with WBRT control: neurological function improvement (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.14 [0.92, 1.42]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Overall survivalNo. of participants: 2631(8 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases
WBRT with radiosensitisers (radiosen) showed no clear difference in overall survivalNo. of participants: 2631(8 RCTs) compared with WBRT alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 1.05 [0.99, 1.12]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Mortality with urinary bladder cancer · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers
Hyperbaric oxygen showed no clear difference in mortality with urinary bladder cancer compared with air breathing (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Failure of local tumour control ‐ not reported · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Local recurrence · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Metastases with urinary bladder cancer · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers
Hyperbaric oxygen showed no clear difference in metastases with urinary bladder cancer compared with air breathing (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life ‐ not reported · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers
Hyperbaric oxygen leads to higher adverse effects compared with air breathing (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Diarrhoea · participants with cancer treated with chemotherapy
Probiotics may leads to lower any diarrhoea compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life ‐ not measured · participants with cancer treated with chemotherapy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found