Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,191 questions · 2,354 findings · 362 reviews

No studies found 323 · 13.7%GRADE not reported 382 · 16.2%Very low 555 · 23.6%Low 597 · 25.4%Moderate 345 · 14.7%High 152 · 6.5%

Chin cup (600 g force) vs Chin cup (300 g force)

ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)

Chin cup (600 g force) showed no clear difference in ANB compared with chin cup (300 g force); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Facemask vs no intervention

Perceived need for surgery in adulthood · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)

Facemask may leads to higher perceived need for surgery in adulthood compared with untreated control (no treatment) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens vs placebo or no intervention

Urologic symptom scores · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens showed no clear difference in urologic symptom scoreMeasured by IPSS scores (range 0 to 35)Higher… compared with placebo or no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens vs placebo or no intervention

QoL · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens showed no clear difference in quality of lifeMeasured by IPSS‐QoL score (range 0 to 6) compared with placebo or no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse eventsCumulative incidence · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens showed no clear difference in adverse eventsCumulative incidence compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Urologic symptom scores · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy showed no clear difference in urologic symptom scoreMeasured by IPSS scores (range 0 to 35)Higher… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse eventsCumulative incidence · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse eventsCumulative incidence compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

All‐cause mortality: range 1 mo to 1 y · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes all‐cause mortality: range 1 mo to 1 y compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

Proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events according to International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice (ICH‐GCP) · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events according… compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

Lung injury diagnosed after randomisation (composite outcome): range 4 d to 23 d · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes lung injury diagnosed after randomisation (composite outcome): range… compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

Myocardial infarction · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes myocardial infarction diagnosed after randomisation: range ≤ 90 d compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

Stroke · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes stroke diagnosed after randomisation: range 1 mo to 3 mo compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

Sepsis diagnosed after randomisation: range 28 d to 60 d · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes sepsis diagnosed after randomisation: range 28 d to 60 d compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review