Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,103 questions · 1,157 findings · 177 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 291 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 85 · 7.3%Very low 317 · 27.4%Low 258 · 22.3%Moderate 169 · 14.6%High 37 · 3.2%

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Minor complications (3 to 6 weeks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in minor complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Major complications · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in major complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs all control (sham and open)

Death or dependency at end of · people with acute stroke

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes death or dependency at end of compared with all control (sham and open) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Acupuncture vs all control (sham and open)

Death or institutional care by the end of · people with acute stroke

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in death or institutional care at end of compared with all control (sham and open) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs all control (sham and open)

Death within first 2 weeks · people with acute stroke

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in death within first 2 weeks compared with all control (sham and open) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs all control (sham and open)

Death during whole · people with acute stroke

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in death during whole compared with all control (sham and open) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia vs conventional pain control

Persistent pain 3 to 18 months after thoracotomy (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between 3 to 18 m... · Patients undergoing thoracotomy

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 18 months after thoracotomy (We defined… compared with conventional pain control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review