Intervention not reported
Nicotine tapering · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine tapering (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Component · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Varenicline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cytisine · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in cytisine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nicotine patch · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nicotine EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine EC (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Non‐nicotine/placebo EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Bupropion · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in bupropion (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nortriptyline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Varenicline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher varenicline (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cytisine · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher cytisine (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nicotine patch · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher nicotine patch (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nicotine EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher nicotine EC (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Non‐nicotine/placebo EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Bupropion · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher bupropion (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nortriptyline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention probably leads to higher nortriptyline (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episodes of bradycardia · lumbar puncture in newborn infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Direct adverse events (reoperation): we report reoperation for removal of implant as this is the most clinically relevant. Other adverse events with data included: loss of fixation, superficial infection, deep infection, haematoma formation, impla... · adults with fractures of the distal femur
It is very uncertain whether retrograde intramedullary nail (RIMN) changes direct adverse events (reoperation): we report reoperation for… compared with locking plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review