Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,036 questions · 1,100 findings · 261 reviews

Sort:Best matchNewest Highest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 160 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 188 · 17.1%Very low 270 · 24.5%Low 303 · 27.5%Moderate 139 · 12.6%High 40 · 3.6%

Antidepressants vs placebo

Irritability · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 267 participants
Low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse effects · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

Antidepressants may leads to higher adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.16
10 studies · 815 participants
Low

Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo

Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo

Self‐injury · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low

Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo

Adverse effects (AEs) · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

Atypical antipsychotics may leads to higher adverse effects (AEs) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.19
11 studies · 974 participants
Low

Neurohormones vs placebo

Irritability · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 466 participants
Very low

Neurohormones vs placebo

Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Neurohormones vs placebo

Self‐injury · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Neurohormones vs placebo

Adverse effects · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

It is very uncertain whether neurohormones changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.38, 0.89]
10 studies · 863 participants
Very low

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related drugs vs placebo

Irritability · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 400 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs brief advice, information, or assessment only

Harmful alcohol use · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

2 findings from 1 review

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 3913 participants
Very low
Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1349 participants
Very low

Brief intervention vs brief advice, information, or assessment only

Retention [ · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 5380 participants
Very low

Brush biopsy (oral cytology) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Sensitivity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Sensitivity 0.90 [0.82, 0.94]
20 studies
Moderate

Blood and saliva analysis (biomarker tests) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Outcome not reported · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
No eligible studies assessed the diagnostic test accuracy of blood and saliva analysis; potentially eligible biomarker studies were excluded as case-control designs.
0 studies
No studies found

Light-based detection and/or oral spectroscopy (e.g. ViziLite, VELscope, Microlux DL, Identafi 3000) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Specificity 0.50 [0.32, 0.68]
23 studies
Very low

Vital staining (e.g. toluidine blue, tolonium chloride) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Specificity 0.68 [0.58, 0.77]
20 studies
Very low

Vital staining (e.g. toluidine blue, tolonium chloride) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Sensitivity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Sensitivity 0.86 [0.79, 0.90]
20 studies
Low

Combined index tests (e.g. vital staining plus light-based detection or cytology) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Specificity 0.71 [0.53, 0.84]
9 studies
Very low

Brush biopsy (oral cytology) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Specificity 0.94 [0.88, 0.97]
20 studies
Moderate