Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,320 questions · 4,561 findings · 388 reviews

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No studies found 1,138 · 25%GRADE not reported 886 · 19.4%Very low 1,014 · 22.2%Low 849 · 18.6%Moderate 543 · 11.9%High 131 · 2.9%

Intervention not reported

Moderate to vigorous physical activity (minutes/d) [ · children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
33 studies · 20614 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Sedentary time (minutes/d)[ · children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 11914 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Physical fitness (VO₂ max, mL/kg/min)[ · children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 3980 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

BMI (z‐score)[ · children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 studies · 22948 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

BMI (kg/m²)[ · children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
50 studies · 34337 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life [ · children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 4687 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events [ · children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 11698 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Stuttering frequency (% SS) · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 151 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Stuttering severity · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Speech efficiency (syllables per second) · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Communication attitudes · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Impact of interventions for stuttering on emotional, cognitive and psychosocial domains, or quality of life · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Adverse effects · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Driving frequency Measured at end of study · teenagers, aged 17–19 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Holding a driving licence Measured at the end of study · teenagers, aged 17–19 years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes holding a driving licence Measured at the end of study (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.45, 0.85]
1 study · 158 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Driving distance Measured at the end of study · teenagers, aged 17–19 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Car crashes Measured at the end of study · teenagers, aged 17–19 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Behavioural predictors of car use Intention to use active transport after obtaining a driving licence. Measured pre‐ and postintervention, and at 8 weeks' · teenagers, aged 17–19 years

1 finding from 1 review

Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
860 participants
Very low

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Recidivism: any sexual or nonsexual offence (no study reported data on this outcome) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs alternative interventions

Sexual attitudes and behaviour · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low