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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,532 questions · 2,642 findings · 483 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 534 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 82 · 3.1%Very low 641 · 24.3%Low 807 · 30.5%Moderate 472 · 17.9%High 106 · 4%

Intervention not reported

Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · pregnant women with leg cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dopamine‐milrinone vs dopamine‐dobutamine

All‐cause short‐term mortality: at intensive care unit · adults with cardiogenic shock

It is very uncertain whether dopamine‐milrinone changes all‐cause short‐term mortality: at intensive care unit compared with dopamine‐dobutamine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency) Complete recovery: no leg cramps after treatment · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency)… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Intensity of pain during treatment: mean total scale points The degree of pain was noted in the form, on a scale from 0 to 4 measured over 4 days and nights (0 = no pain, 1 = light pain, 2 = medium pain, 3=strong pain, 4=extreme pain) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

At least 50% reduction in pain · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes intensity of pain: 50% reduction in pain score 100‐mm visual… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency) Partial improvement: decrease in intensity and frequency · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency)… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Virtual reality distraction vs non‐VR distraction

Acute pain · children (0 to 18 years)
5 findings from 1 review
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Virtual reality distraction vs other VR distraction

Acute pain · children (0‐18 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

5 findings from 1 review
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Virtual reality distraction vs no distraction

Acute pain · children (0 to 18 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

5 findings from 1 review
Show 2 more findings

Sclerotherapy vs no intervention

Serious adverse events and liver‐related morbidity: incidence of congestive hypertensive gastropathy · primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis

It is very uncertain whether sclerotherapy changes serious adverse events and liver‐related morbidity: incidence of… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review