Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Continuous glucose monitoring system vs intermittent glucose monitoring

Perinatal mortality · women with pre‐existing diabetes

Continuous glucose monitoring showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with intermittent glucose monitoring (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring vs a different type of self‐monitoring

Perinatal mortality · women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether self‐monitoring changes perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with a different type of self‐monitoring (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Severe maternal morbidity and mortality index · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in severe maternal morbidity and mortality index compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Low birthweight · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in birthweight < 2500 g compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether calcium changes apgar < 7 at 5 minutes compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Guided imagery vs quiet rest

Antihypertensive drug use · pregnant women (between 30 and 36 weeks’ gestation) with elevated blood pressure

Guided imagery showed no clear difference in antihypertensive drug use compared with quiet rest (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review