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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,763 questions · 1,835 findings · 201 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 414 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 51 · 2.8%Very low 570 · 31.1%Low 468 · 25.5%Moderate 272 · 14.8%High 60 · 3.3%

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

Falls · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years)

It is very uncertain whether CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) changes occurrence of falls compared with control (standard care or sham treatments) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Functional ability: new incidence of delirium during hospitalisation · acutely hospitalised medical patients

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions changes functional ability: new incidence of delirium during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Medical deterioration during hospitalisation · acutely hospitalised medical patients

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions changes medical deterioration during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise probably leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review