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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut

current versions

No studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Etrolizumab vs placebo Failure to enter endoscopic remission at week 6 · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Etrolizumab for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.98 [0.9, 1.06]	1 study · 119 participants	Moderate
Etrolizumab vs placebo Failure to enter endoscopic remission at week 10 · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Etrolizumab for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.92 [0.85, 1]	1 study · 119 participants	Moderate
Etrolizumab vs placebo Adverse events · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Etrolizumab for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.57, 0.99]	1 study · 124 participants	Moderate
Etrolizumab vs placebo Serious adverse events · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Etrolizumab for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.92 [0.36, 2.34]	2 studies · 165 participants	Low
Budesonide 6 mg vs placebo Continued remission at 3 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.25 [1, 1.58]	6 studies · 540 participants	Low
Budesonide 9 mg vs budesonide 6 mg Continued remission at 12 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.07 [0.91, 1.26]	1 study · 157 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 9 mg vs prednisolone 40 mg Continued remission at 12 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.79 [0.55, 1.13]	1 study · 90 participants	Low
Budesonide 6 mg vs mesalamine 3 g Continued remission at 12 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2.51 [1.03, 6.12]	1 study · 57 participants	Very low
Budesonide 6‐9 mg vs azathioprine 2‐2.5 mg/kg Continued remission at 12 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.81 [0.61, 1.08]	1 study · 77 participants	Very low
Budesonide 6 mg vs placebo Continued remission at 6 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.15 [0.95, 1.39]	5 studies · 420 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 6 mg vs placebo Continued remission at 12 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.94, 1.35]	5 studies · 420 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 3 mg vs placebo Continued remission at 3 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.29 [1.01, 1.63]	4 studies · 263 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 3 mg vs placebo Continued remission at 6 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.12 [0.83, 1.51]	3 studies · 180 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 3 mg vs placebo Continued remission at 12 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.87, 1.34]	5 studies · 442 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 6 mg vs budesonide 3 mg Continued remission at 3 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.07 [0.85, 1.34]	3 studies · 180 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 6 mg vs budesonide 3 mg Continued remission at 6 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.12 [0.85, 1.47]	3 studies · 180 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 6 mg vs budesonide 3 mg Continued remission at 12 months · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.18 [0.85, 1.65]	3 studies · 180 participants	Moderate
Methotrexate vs placebo Failure to enter remission or possible remission at 16 weeks (Arora 1999) · Adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.68, 13.31]	1 study · 33 participants	Low
Methotrexate vs 6‐MP or azathioprine Adverse events (Ardizzone 2003) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2.43 [1.21, 4.89]	1 study · 54 participants	Very low
Methotrexate vs 6‐MP or azathioprine Withdrawal due to adverse event (Oren 1997) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.23 [0.08, 18.74]	1 study · 58 participants	Very low
Methotrexate vs 6‐MP or azathioprine Withdrawal due to adverse event (Maté‐Jiménez 2000) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2.13 [0.22, 21.17]	1 study · 31 participants	Very low
Methotrexate vs 6‐MP or azathioprine Withdrawal due to adverse event (Ardizzone 2003) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.22, 4.52]	1 study · 54 participants	Very low
Methotrexate vs 5‐ASA Failure to enter remission or possible remission at 30 weeks (Maté‐Jiménez 2000) · Adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.23 [0.08, 0.67]	1 study · 22 participants	Very low
Methotrexate vs 5‐ASA Withdrawal due to adverse event (Maté‐Jiménez 2000) · Adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2.5 [0.14, 46.14]	1 study · 22 participants	Very low
Methotrexate + infliximab vs infliximab alone Failure to enter remission at 14 weeks or 24 weeks (Feagan 2014) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.07 [0.57, 2.03]	1 study · 126 participants	Low
Methotrexate + infliximab vs infliximab alone Failure to enter remission at 14 weeks or 24 weeks (Schröder 2006) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.73 [0.31, 1.69]	1 study · 19 participants	Very low
Methotrexate + infliximab vs infliximab alone Adverse events (Schröder 2006) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [0.51, 2.05]	1 study · 19 participants	Very low
Methotrexate + infliximab vs infliximab alone Serious adverse events (Schröder 2006) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.25 [0.01, 5.45]	1 study · 19 participants	Very low
Methotrexate vs placebo Failure to enter remission or possible remission at 16 weeks (Oren 1997) · Adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [0.79, 1.39]	1 study · 52 participants	Low
Methotrexate + infliximab vs infliximab alone Withdrawals due to adverse event (Feagan 2014) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2 [0.19, 21.5]	1 study · 126 participants	Low
Methotrexate vs placebo Failure to enter remission or possible remission at 16 weeks (Feagan 1995) · Adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.61, 0.93]	1 study · 141 participants	Moderate
Methotrexate vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse event (Feagan 1995) · Adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 8 [1.09, 58.51]	1 study · 141 participants	Low
Methotrexate vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse event (Oren 1997) · Adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.13, 70.42]	1 study · 52 participants	Low
Methotrexate vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse event (Arora 1999) · Adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 8.31 [0.46, 149.21]	1 study · 33 participants	Low
Methotrexate vs 6‐MP or azathioprine Failure to enter remission or possible remission at 24‐36 weeks (Oren 1997) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.36 [0.97, 1.92]	1 study · 58 participants	Low
Methotrexate vs 6‐MP or azathioprine Failure to enter remission or possible remission at 24‐36 weeks (Maté‐Jiménez 2000) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 3.2 [0.37, 27.49]	1 study · 31 participants	Very low
Methotrexate vs 6‐MP or azathioprine Failure to enter remission or possible remission at 24‐36 weeks (Ardizzone 2003) · adult patients with refractory Crohn's disease Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.2 [0.63, 2.29]	1 study · 54 participants	Very low
SEMS vs plastic tube (main analysis) Dysphagia improvement · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 231 participants	Moderate
Laser vs plastic tube Technical success of procedure · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 1 [0.21, 4.75]	2 studies · 80 participants	Moderate
Laser vs plastic tube All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 2.33 [0.87, 6.24]	2 studies · 80 participants	Moderate
Laser vs laser plus brachytherapy Recurrent dysphagia · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 0.22 [0.06, 0.87]	3 studies · 87 participants	Moderate
Laser vs laser plus brachytherapy Adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 0.74 [0.31, 1.77]	4 studies · 124 participants	Moderate
Laser vs photodynamic therapy (PDT) Dysphagia improvement (2‐point grade or more) · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 0.92 [0.57, 1.5]	2 studies · 278 participants	Moderate
Laser vs photodynamic therapy (PDT) Adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 0.6 [0.33, 1.07]	2 studies · 278 participants	Moderate
Covered Ultraflex SEMS vs covered Wallstent Dysphagia improvement · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 120 participants	Moderate
Covered Ultraflex SEMS vs covered Wallstent Persistent or recurrent dysphagia · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 1.27 [0.49, 3.31]	2 studies · 120 participants	Moderate
Covered Ultraflex SEMS vs covered Wallstent All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 0.61 [0.27, 1.38]	2 studies · 120 participants	Moderate
SEMS vs plastic tube (degree of concealment) Persistent or recurrent dysphagia (analysis by concealment of allocation) ‐ Concealment of allocation A · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 0.49 [0.19, 1.28]	4 studies · 323 participants	High
SEMS vs plastic tube (main analysis) Subgroup analysis dysphagia improvement · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 178 participants	Moderate
SEMS vs plastic tube (degree of concealment) Persistent or recurrent dysphagia (analysis by concealment of allocation) ‐ Concealment of allocation non‐A · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane	OR 0.29 [0.07, 1.21]	3 studies · 110 participants	High