Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,434 questions · 2,594 findings · 269 reviews

No studies found 543 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 191 · 7.4%Very low 676 · 26.1%Low 732 · 28.2%Moderate 399 · 15.4%High 53 · 2%

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. suicidal intentions) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. suicidal… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. fall,… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review