Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

870 questions · 912 findings · 85 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 65 · 7.1%GRADE not reported 34 · 3.7%Very low 115 · 12.6%Low 273 · 29.9%Moderate 330 · 36.2%High 95 · 10.4%

Intervention not reported

FEV1 litres · exacerbations of COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 432 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life SGRQ ( · exacerbations of COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 332 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Direct costs ( · exacerbations of COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 339 participants
Very low

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Annual Exacerbation Rates · COPD

Combined inhalers may leads to lower annual Exacerbation Rates compared with LABAs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.76 [0.68, 0.84]
9 studies · 99211 participants
Low

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD

Combined inhalers probably leads to lower number of people experiencing one or more exacerbations compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98]
6 studies · 3357 participants
Moderate

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Annual hospitalisation rates · COPD

It is very uncertain whether combined inhalers changes annual hospitalisation rates compared with LABAs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.79 [0.55, 1.13]
3 studies · 48791 participants
Very low

Combined inhalers vs LABA

All‐cause mortality · COPD

Combined inhalers showed no clear difference in mortality compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.92 [0.76, 1.11]
10 studies · 10681 participants
Moderate

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Pneumonia · COPD

Combined inhalers probably leads to higher pneumonia compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.55 [1.2, 2.01]
12 studies · 11076 participants
Moderate

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg dyspnoea score at end of 6‐minute walk test Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Low

Yoga vs no breathing exercises

Change in 6‐minute walking distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 74 participants
Moderate

Yoga vs no breathing exercises

QoL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 45 participants
Moderate

Pursed lip breathing vs expiratory muscle training

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 17 participants
Low

Pursed lip breathing vs expiratory muscle training

Dyspnea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 17 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training vs exercise

Exercise endurance Duration of constant work rate exercise test (minutes) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 32 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Exercise endurance Duration of constant work rate exercise test on treadmill · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Change in 6‐minute walking distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Dyspnoea during treadmill walking Borg scale at isotime during constant work rate treadmill test Scale ranges from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Change in dyspnoea score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Health‐related quality of life (Change in CRQ Dyspnoea) CRQ · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 73 participants
Moderate

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Low