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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,163 questions · 1,209 findings · 133 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 176 · 14.6%GRADE not reported 47 · 3.9%Very low 241 · 19.9%Low 323 · 26.7%Moderate 315 · 26.1%High 107 · 8.9%

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

Hospital‐acquired infections ‐ not reported · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) vs low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg)

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) vs low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg)

All‐cause mortality up to 120 days · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) changes all‐cause mortality up to 120 days compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) vs low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg)

Clinical improvement: discharged alive ( · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) showed no clear difference in clinical improvement: discharged alive ( compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) vs low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg)

Clinical worsening: need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death at up to day 28 · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with dexamethasone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) compared with lubricants (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in TBUT (seconds) (longer is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in TBUT (seconds) (longer is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

It is very uncertain whether steroids changes change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Adverse effect: incident elevated IOP ( · people with dry eye

It is very uncertain whether steroids changes adverse effect: incident elevated IOP ( compared with cyclosporine A (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in patient‐reported quality of life scores · people with dry eye

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in TBUT (seconds) (longer is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids may leads to higher change in TBUT (seconds) (longer is favored) compared with lubricants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) compared with lubricants (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review