Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
1 finding from 1 review
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
1 finding from 1 review
Progression to geographic atrophy · people with AMD
Lutein with or without zeaxanthin showed no clear difference in progression to geographic atrophy compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) · people with AMD
Lutein with or without zeaxanthin showed no clear difference in progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · people with AMD
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · people with AMD
It is very uncertain whether lutein with or without zeaxanthin changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.06
Studies not reported
Very low
Resource use and costs · people with AMD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy or both) · people with AMD
Zinc probably leads to lower progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy or both) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Progression to neovascular AMD · people with AMD
Zinc probably leads to lower progression to neovascular AMD compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Progression to geographic atrophy · people with AMD
Zinc showed no clear difference in progression to geographic atrophy compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) · people with AMD
Zinc showed no clear difference in progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · people with AMD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects · people with AMD
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
286 participants
Very low
Resource use and costs · people with AMD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy or both) · people with AMD
Lutein with or without zeaxanthin showed no clear difference in progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, or both) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Progression to neovascular AMD · people with AMD
Lutein with or without zeaxanthin showed no clear difference in progression to neovascular AMD compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total hip BMD · premenopausal women (age 18−47.3 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · premenopausal women (age 18−47.3 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · premenopausal women (age 18−47.3 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Vertebral fracture · premenopausal women (age 18−47.3 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found