3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Massage probably leads to lower 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with control (hands off or care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether massage changes episiotomy compared with control (hands off or care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes intact perineum compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal trauma requiring suturing · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal trauma requiring suturing · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
1 finding from 1 review
1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes 1st degree tear compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes 2nd degree tear compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Ritgen's manoeuvre showed no clear difference in 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Ritgen's manoeuvre showed no clear difference in episiotomy compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in 1st degree tear compared with hands on (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in 2nd degree tear compared with hands on (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether hands off (or poised) changes 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with hands on (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Hands off (or poised) may leads to lower episiotomy compared with hands on (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Warm compresses showed no clear difference in intact perineum compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal trauma requiring suturing · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether warm compresses changes perineal trauma requiring suturing compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether warm compresses changes 1st degree tear compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical response: No clinically important response ‐ as defined by each of the studies · schizophrenia or related disorders
It is very uncertain whether combinations of antipsychotic drugs changes clinical response: No clinically important response ‐ as defined by… compared with single antipsychotic drugs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relapse · schizophrenia or related disorders
1 finding from 1 review
Leaving the study early · schizophrenia or related disorders
Combinations of antipsychotic drugs showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with single antipsychotic drugs (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · schizophrenia or related disorders
It is very uncertain whether combinations of antipsychotic drugs changes service utilisation: Hospital admission compared with single antipsychotic drugs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review