Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,793 questions · 1,866 findings · 339 reviews

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No studies found 245 · 13.1%GRADE not reported 142 · 7.6%Very low 612 · 32.8%Low 513 · 27.5%Moderate 305 · 16.3%High 49 · 2.6%

Back School vs joint manipulation

Back‐specific functional status · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Back School vs combined myofascial therapy and joint manipulation

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Very low

Back School vs combined myofascial therapy and joint manipulation

Back‐specific functional status · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Very low

Back school + other treatment vs other treatment alone

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 156 participants
Very low

Back school + other treatment vs other treatment alone

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 156 participants
Very low

Back School vs myofascial therapy

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Very low

Back School vs myofascial therapy

Back‐specific functional status · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Back schools for acute and subacute non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Very low

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo

Global state: improvement, short term PANSS · patients with schizophrenia

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia showed no clear difference in global state: improvement, short term PANSS compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.53, 1.12]
3 studies · 229 participants
Low

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo

Mental state: General ‐ average total score (PANSS, high = poor) ‐ up to 12 weeks (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 584 participants
Very low

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo

Mental state · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 843 participants
Low

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo

General functioning ‐ short term GAS · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 52 participants
Low

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia showed no clear difference in leaving the study early, short term compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.48, 1.11]
16 studies · 1584 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Cannabis dependence Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Cannabis frequency · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Secondary outcomes related to substance use Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Aromatherapy massage vs no massage

Anxiety (state) · cancer patients

1 finding from 1 review

Massage with or without aromatherapy for symptom relief in people with cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 32 participants
Very low

Aromatherapy massage vs no massage

Anxiety · cancer patients

1 finding from 1 review

Massage with or without aromatherapy for symptom relief in people with cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 221 participants
Moderate

Massage vs no massage

Anxiety (state) · cancer patients

1 finding from 1 review

Massage with or without aromatherapy for symptom relief in people with cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 64 participants
Very low

Massage vs no massage

Anxiety · cancer patients

1 finding from 1 review

Massage with or without aromatherapy for symptom relief in people with cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Education vs no intervention

Reported RPE use among farmers ‐ Short term · workers

It is very uncertain whether education changes reported RPE use among farmers ‐ Short term compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.91, 1.26]
1 study · 105 participants
Very low