Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD
Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life: SGRQ total or CCQ · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · COPD
It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes hospital service utilisation: number of people admitted to hospital… compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD
It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing exacerbations compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD
It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence to medication · COPD
Multi‐component intervention may leads to higher adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life: SGRQ total, SF CRDQ total, CAT total · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · COPD
Multi‐component intervention may leads to lower hospital service utilisation: number of people admitted to hospital… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · COPD
It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe… compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vertebral fracture by radiography · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 3‐4
Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs may leads to lower vertebral fracture by radiography compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vertebral fracture by radiography · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Clinical fracture · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes clinical fracture compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean change in BMD of the femoral neck · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes mean change in BMD of the femoral neck compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean change in BMD of the lumbar spine · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
Raloxifene may leads to higher mean change in BMD of the lumbar spine compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total hip BMD · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mean change in BMD of the distal radius · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
1 finding from 1 review
Death · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes death compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
QoL · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Clinical fracture · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 3‐4
Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs showed no clear difference in clinical fracture compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review