Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,695 questions · 4,979 findings · 433 reviews

No studies found 998 · 20%GRADE not reported 1,140 · 22.9%Very low 1,024 · 20.6%Low 1,029 · 20.7%Moderate 636 · 12.8%High 152 · 3.1%

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg)

Proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level… compared with sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg)

Number of children with clinical adverse event: oxygen desaturation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in number of children with clinical adverse event: desaturation compared with sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg)

Number of children with clinical adverse event: diarrhoea · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) probably leads to lower number of children with clinical adverse event: diarrhoea compared with sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg)

Bradycardia · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) leads to lower number of children with clinical adverse event: bradycardia compared with dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg)

Number of children with clinical adverse event: unsteadiness within 24 h after discharge · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in number of children with clinical adverse event: unsteadiness within… compared with dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg)

Number of children with clinical adverse event: crying during administration of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) probably leads to higher number of children with clinical adverse event: crying during… compared with dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg)

Vomiting · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in number of children with clinical adverse event: vomiting compared with dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (75 mg/kg) vs pentobarbital intravenous (5 mg/kg)

Proportion of children who required a further dose of either the same sedative agent or the addition of a different sedative agent · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Active rinse (zinc acetate + chlorhexidine + sodium fluoride), with or without tongue scraping vs Negative control rinse, with or without tongue scraping

OLT and VSC scores · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Ademovski 2012 (4-arm cross-over trial) compared an active rinse (with/without tongue scraping) versus a negative control rinse (with/without tongue scraping); OLT and VSC. The authors did not report the correlation…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Protease cysteine + actinidine tablets vs placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), gas chromatography · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Protease cysteine + actinidine tablets showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), OralChroma compared with placebo tablets; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Lactobacillus beta lactoperoxidase (LPO) tablets vs placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), gas chromatography · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Nakano 2017 (2-arm trial) compared Lactobacillus beta LPO tablets versus placebo tablets (VSC by OralChroma). The trial did not report any usable data and hence could not be included in the analysis.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs placebo or no treatment

Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) at the end of treatment (continuous data): dysmenorrhoea at 6 months' · women with endometriosis
2 findings from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs any other medical treatment

Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) at the end of treatment (continuous data): dysmenorrhoea at 6 months' · women with endometriosis
2 findings from 1 review