Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,262 questions · 2,405 findings · 248 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 507 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 93 · 3.9%Very low 657 · 27.3%Low 708 · 29.4%Moderate 387 · 16.1%High 53 · 2.2%

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control

Non‐infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in non‐ infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile phone text messages vs usual care

Fatal cardiovascular events (percentage of people having fatal cardiovascular events) · people with established arterial occlusive events

Mobile phone text messaging showed no clear difference in fatal cardiovascular events (percentage of people having fatal… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review