Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,270 questions · 1,480 findings · 174 reviews

No studies found 252 · 17%GRADE not reported 405 · 27.4%Very low 301 · 20.3%Low 284 · 19.2%Moderate 174 · 11.8%High 64 · 4.3%

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) vs Metal implant abutments (titanium)

Marginal bone level change · Adults (18 years or older) with one missing tooth in the aesthetic zone needing an implant-supported single crown

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) showed no clear difference in marginal bone level change (MBLC) compared with metal implant abutments (titanium); GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) vs Metal implant abutments (titanium)

Periodontal or peri-implant status: gingival recession (REC) · Adults (18 years or older) with one missing tooth in the aesthetic zone needing an implant-supported single crown

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) showed no clear difference in gingival/mucosal recession (REC) compared with metal implant abutments (titanium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) vs Metal implant abutments (titanium)

Abutment failure · Adults (18 years or older) with one missing tooth in the aesthetic zone needing an implant-supported single crown

It is very uncertain whether metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) changes abutment failure compared with metal implant abutments (titanium) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) vs Metal implant abutments (titanium)

Implant probing pocket depth (PPD) · Adults (18 years or older) with one missing tooth in the aesthetic zone needing an implant-supported single crown

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) showed no clear difference in implant probing pocket depth (PPD) compared with metal implant abutments (titanium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Severe perineal/vaginal trauma · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective may leads to lower severe perineal/vaginal trauma compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Perineal infection · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in perineal infection compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

It is very uncertain whether selective changes women with moderate or severe pain (measured by visual analogue scale) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective vs routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal delivery was not anticipated

Women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…

Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manual fundal pressure vs no fundal pressure

No spontaneous vaginal birth within a specified time · women with singleton pregnancy in vertex position in second stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether manual fundal pressure changes no spontaneous vaginal birth within a specified time, as defined by… compared with no fundal pressure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review