Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years)
Breastfeeding for more than 12 months is associated with higher ECC prevalence (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.86 [1.48, 2.35]
13 studies
Low
Dental caries · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)
HIV-infected children on ART had higher odds of dental caries than HEU children in a cohort study (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.71 to 4.84; ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
Association between antiretroviral therapy and dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV: a systematic review… 2025 All outcomesProspective follow-up · Dental examination of children/adolescents with HIV in clinic and community settings; low- and middle-income countries (Brazil, India, Nigeria, Cambodia, Uganda, West Africa) · Cohort studies
OR 2.88 [1.71, 4.84]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Association between antiretroviral therapy and dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV: a systematic review… 2025 All outcomesNot specified (cross-sectional) · Dental examination of children/adolescents with HIV in clinic and community settings; low- and middle-income countries (Brazil, India, Nigeria, Cambodia, Uganda, West Africa) · Cross-sectional studies
OR 3.73 [1.88, 7.40]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 5.34 [1.88, 15.19]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…
For a defective amalgam restoration with disruption of occlusal integrity, surveyed dentists most often preferred replacement over repair (pooled RR 1.70; p < 0.001); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 6.25 [4.50, 8.66]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: superficial discoloration
The intervention led to lower composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.30 [0.19, 0.46]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration
The intervention led to higher composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 7.07 [5.33, 9.38]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 7.47 [5.63, 9.93]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration
The intervention showed no clear difference in composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.40 [0.08, 2.03]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…
Subgroup (Continent: South America): pooled preference was replacement over repair for a defective amalgam restoration with partial loss or fracture of the restoration (RR 6.20); significant continental variation, p = 0.04.
9 findings from 1 review
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Continent: South America
RR 6.20 [4.66, 8.25]
2 studies · 349 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Continent: Europe
RR 2.61 [1.54, 4.42]
6 studies · 1075 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Continent: Africa
RR 4.86 [3.79, 6.23]
2 studies · 339 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 6 more findings
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · HDI: High
RR 5.06 [4.22, 6.06]
7 studies · 1223 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · HDI: Low
RR 3.39 [2.18, 5.27]
2 studies · 350 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Continent: Asia
RR 4.38 [2.91, 6.61]
11 studies · 1917 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Overall (all 21 countries pooled)
RR 3.94 [2.93, 5.31]
21 studies · 3680 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · HDI: Medium
RR 7.13 [4.90, 10.35]
2 studies · 353 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · HDI: Very high
RR 2.99 [1.91, 4.67]
10 studies · 1754 participants
GRADE not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries · Dentists managing a defective direct resin composite restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…
Subgroup (Continent: Africa): pooled preference was replacement over repair for a defective composite restoration with secondary caries (RR 4.62); significant continental variation, p < 0.001.
5 findings from 1 review
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Continent: Africa
RR 4.62 [3.64, 5.86]
2 studies · 339 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Overall (all 21 countries pooled)
RR 2.43 [1.87, 3.16]
21 studies · 3680 participants
GRADE not reported
Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational… 2025 All outcomesNot applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023) · Multinational (21 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America); general dental practice · Continent: Europe
RR 3.07 [2.41, 3.89]
6 studies · 1075 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 2 more findings
Dental caries · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)
In cross-sectional studies, children and adolescents with HIV on antiretroviral therapy had about twice the odds of dental caries versus HIV-negative peers (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.42; very low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
Association between antiretroviral therapy and dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV: a systematic review… 2025 All outcomesNot specified (cross-sectional) · Dental examination of children/adolescents with HIV in clinic and community settings; low- and middle-income countries (Brazil, India, Nigeria, Cambodia, Uganda, West Africa) · Cross-sectional studies
OR 2.04 [1.21, 3.42]
6 studies · 2206 participants
Very low
Association between antiretroviral therapy and dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV: a systematic review… 2025 All outcomesNot specified (case-control) · Dental examination of children/adolescents with HIV in clinic and community settings; low- and middle-income countries (Brazil, India, Nigeria, Cambodia, Uganda, West Africa) · Case-control studies
OR 3.15 [0.98, 10.15]
1 study · 99 participants
Very low
Association between antiretroviral therapy and dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV: a systematic review… 2025 All outcomesProspective follow-up (single cohort) · Dental examination of children/adolescents with HIV in clinic and community settings; low- and middle-income countries (Brazil, India, Nigeria, Cambodia, Uganda, West Africa) · Cohort studies
OR 2.11 [1.41, 3.17]
1 study · 544 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration
The intervention showed no clear difference in composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.70 [0.49, 1.00]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.67 [1.20, 2.30]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration
The intervention led to lower composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.59 [0.38, 0.90]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: corrosion
The intervention showed no clear difference in amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6:…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.39 [0.41, 4.68]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.79 [2.98, 7.69]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration · Dentists managing a defective direct resin composite restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…
For a defective composite restoration with marginal discoloration, surveyed dentists most often preferred replacement over repair (pooled RR 1.97; p < 0.001); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.05 [2.84, 5.78]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin
The intervention led to higher amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 5.16 [3.50, 7.61]
11 studies
GRADE not reported