What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Partial pulpotomy, mature teeth
  Proportion 0.842 [0.745, 0.921]
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Full pulpotomy, immature teeth
  Proportion 0.844 [0.748, 0.921]
  7 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Full pulpotomy, mature teeth
  Proportion 0.846 [0.739, 0.930]
  9 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Mature teeth, partial pulpotomy, irreversible pulpitis
  Proportion 0.808 [0.723, 0.881]
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Full pulpotomy, irreversible pulpitis
  Proportion 0.837 [0.741, 0.916]
  12 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Immature teeth, normal pulp/reversible pulpitis
  Proportion 0.892 [0.834, 0.940]
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Full pulpotomy, unspecified/mixed diagnosis
  Proportion 0.903 [0.801, 0.973]
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Mature teeth, full pulpotomy, irreversible pulpitis
  Proportion 0.817 [0.702, 0.909]
  8 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Partial pulpotomy, irreversible pulpitis
  Proportion 0.826 [0.754, 0.889]
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… 2024 All outcomes

  Mixed root maturation (both mature and immature teeth)
  Proportion 0.950 [0.859, 0.998]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Pre-operative bone level < 35% vs Pre-operative bone level ≥ 35%

One study reported a 1.4% incidence with bone level < 35%.

• Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes

  Bone level < 35%
  Proportion 1.4
  1 study
  GRADE not reported
• Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes

  Bone level ≥ 35%
  Proportion 0
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Indirect restorations (crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays/onlays/veneers) vs None (single-group incidence)

Periapical pathosis incidence among follow-up >5-10 years was 3.88% (subgroup analysis; not GRADE-rated).

• Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes

  >5-10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Follow-up >5-10 years
  Proportion 3.88 [1.95, 6.45]
  1864 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes

  >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Follow-up >10 years
  Proportion 4.05 [0.89, 9.36]
  2656 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes

  Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Fixed partial dentures (FPD)
  Proportion 4.59 [2.28, 7.64]
  9 studies · 2435 participants
  GRADE not reported

Indirect restorations (crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays/onlays/veneers) vs Follow-up duration

The pooled incidence with > 5–10 years of follow-up was 3.88%.

• Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes

  > 5–10 years · > 5–10 years
  Proportion 3.88 [1.95, 6.45]
  1864 participants
  GRADE not reported

Nanoionomer resin-modified GIC vs HVGIC

No comparative effect estimate was reported; failure rates were tabulated.

• Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp therapy: a… 2022 All outcomes

  1 year · University · ART; Class I
  Annual failure rate (%) RMGIC 2.0%; HVGIC 12.8%
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Amalgam vs Resin composite restoration

No comparative effect estimate was reported; failure rates were 32% and 12%.

• Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp therapy: a… 2022 All outcomes

  2 years · University · Class II
  Annual failure rate (%) amalgam 17.5%; composite resin 6.2%
  1 study · 43 participants
  GRADE not reported

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets vs Resin composite restoration

No comparative effect estimate was reported; both arms had 16% failure.

• Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp therapy: a… 2022 All outcomes

  2 years · University · Class II
  Annual failure rate (%) RMGIC 8.4%; composite resin 8.4%
  1 study · 55 participants
  GRADE not reported

Amalgam vs Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC)

No comparative effect estimate was reported; tabulated failure rates favored resin-modified GIC.

• Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp therapy: a… 2022 All outcomes

  1 year · Not reported · Class II
  Annual failure rate (%) amalgam 28.0%; RMGIC 16.9%
  1 study · 120 participants
  GRADE not reported

Bulk-fill composite resin with 15-second dentine etching vs Bulk-fill composite resin with 7-second dentine etching

No comparative effect estimate was reported; the 7-second etching arm had a lower tabulated failure rate.

• Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp therapy: a… 2022 All outcomes

  1.5 years · University
  Annual failure rate (%) 15 s 16.9%; 7 s 5.8%
  1 study · 62 participants
  GRADE not reported

HVGIC Fuji IX Gold Label vs HVGIC Vitro Molar and Maxxion R

No comparative effect estimate was reported; failure rates were tabulated.

• Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp therapy: a… 2022 All outcomes

  2 years · School setting · ART; Class I
  Annual failure rate (%) Fuji IX 14.7%; Vitro Molar 31.8%; Maxxion R 37.1%
  1 study · 150 participants
  GRADE not reported

Composite resin vs HVGIC

No comparative effect estimate was reported; cumulative failure rates were tabulated.

• Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp therapy: a… 2022 All outcomes

  2 years · School setting · ART; Class I and II
  Annual failure rate (%) HVGIC 5.9%; composite resin 6.7% (cumulative)
  1 study · 219 participants
  GRADE not reported