Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

864 questions · 884 findings · 229 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 136 · 15.4%GRADE not reported 37 · 4.2%Very low 242 · 27.4%Low 298 · 33.7%Moderate 131 · 14.8%High 40 · 4.5%

Bishop score vs transvaginal ultrasound

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women with singleton cephalic fetuses undergoing assessment for pre‐induction cervical ripening.

Bishop score showed no clear difference in apgar score at 5 minutes less than 7 compared with transvaginal ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bishop score vs transvaginal ultrasound

Fetal heart rate abnormality in labour · women with singleton cephalic fetuses undergoing assessment for pre‐induction cervical ripening.

Bishop score showed no clear difference in fetal heart rate abnormality in labour compared with transvaginal ultrasound; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth < 34 weeks · women carrying twins, asymptomatic for PTL or PPROM

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes preterm birth < 34 weeks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth < 37 weeks · singleton pregnancy with symptoms of PTL

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes preterm birth < 37 weeks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: NBAS or NBO vs control

Caregiver knowledge (related to infants' physical capacities, including reflexes and senses) Assessed at postintervention, using multiple choice factual questions; higher scores indicate better outcome · caregiver‐infant dyads
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of serious adverse events (total) Average study duration (range): not stated · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of serious adverse… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review