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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) vs TAU (all short‐term) Global state: Average endpoint score CGAS (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU (all short‐term) Cognitive functioning: Attaining normal cognitive functioning ‐ Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU (all short‐term) Global functioning: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU (all short‐term) Adverse events: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU (all short‐term) Service Use: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU (all short‐term) Leaving the study early: For any reason · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.15, 1.28] | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) Global State: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) Mental State: Mean endpoint total score on PANSS (high score = poor) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) Cognitive functioning: Attaining normal cognitive functioning ‐ Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) Global functioning: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) Adverse events: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) vs TAU (all short‐term) Mental state: Average endpoint score PANNS (high score = poor) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) Service Utilisation: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) Leaving the study early: For any reason · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.25, 2] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term) Global state: Average endpoint score GAS (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term) Mental state: Average endpoint score BPRS (high score = poor) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term) Cognitive functioning: Mean endpoint score SPAN‐12 (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term) Global functioning: Clinically important change ‐ as defined by each of the studies · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term) Adverse effects: Clinically important adverse effect ‐ as defined by each of the studies · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term) Service use: Hospital admission for any reason · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term) Leaving the study early: For any reason · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) Global state: Average endpoint score HoNOSCA (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) vs TAU (all short‐term) Cognitive functioning: clinically important change Not attaining normal cognitive function (Memory Digit Span) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.37, 0.89] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) Mental state: Average endpoint score PANNS (high score = poor) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) Cognitive functioning: Average endpoint score RBANS (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) Global functioning: Average endpoint score SOFAS (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) Adverse events: Clinically important change · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) Service use: Hospital admission · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) Leaving the study early: For any reason · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [0.27, 20.09] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) Global state: Mean endpoint score CGAS (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Very low |
PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) Mental State: Mean end point score PANSS ‐ (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Very low |
PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) Cognitive functioning: Attaining normal cognitive functioning ‐ Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) Global functioning: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) vs TAU (all short‐term) Global functioning: Average endpoint VABS Score (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) Adverse events: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) Service use: Number of participants needing admission · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.36, 1.96] | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) Leaving the study early: For any reason · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.1, 2.6] | 1 study · 55 participants | Low |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) vs TAU (all short‐term) Adverse events: Clinically important effect · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) vs TAU (all short‐term) Service use: Hospital admission for any reason · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
COGNITIVE REMEDIATION THERAPY (CRG) + TREATMENT‐AS‐USUAL (TAU) vs TAU (all short‐term) Leaving the study early: For any reason · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.32, 2.71] | 2 studies · 91 participants | Very low |
GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU (all short‐term) Global state: Mean endpoint score (CGAS, high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU (all short‐term) Mental State: Mean endpoint total score on PANSS (high score = poor) · Adolescents with psychosis Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Avatar Therapy vs treatment Mental state*: specific – positive – average endpoint score (PANSS‐P, high = poor) – short term · schizophrenia or related disorders Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term) Global state: relapse (rehospitalised) · schizophrenia or related disorders Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term) Leaving study early: for any reason – short term · schizophrenia or related disorders Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 | 1 study · 150 participants | Moderate |
Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term) Adverse events – anxiety – after first session · schizophrenia or related disorders Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term) Quality of life: average endpoint score (MANSA, high = good) – short term · schizophrenia or related disorders Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Avatar Therapy vs supportive counselling (all short‐term) Functioning: clinically important change · schizophrenia or related disorders Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Avatar Therapy vs treatment Mental state: specific – insight – average attitude to voices score (BAVQ‐R, high = poor) – short term · schizophrenia or related disorders Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Avatar Therapy vs treatment Global state: relapse (rehospitalised) – short term · schizophrenia or related disorders Avatar Therapy for people with schizophrenia or related disorders (2020) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |