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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
3,601 questions in 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 20.2%Ungraded 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen) Severe morbidity · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.71, 1.29] | 2 studies · 1233 participants | Low |
Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen) Side effect: respiratory depression · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.25, 2.61] | 2 studies · 1424 participants | Low |
Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen) Death of the baby before discharge from hospital · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen) Maternal death · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen) Other neonatal morbidity · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen Eclampsia · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 148 participants | Very low |
Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen Eclampsia: 2 g per hour IV maintenance versus 1 g per hour IV maintenance · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Treatment of eclampsia: loading dose alone vs loading dose plus maintenance dose regimen Maternal death · women with eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.59 [0.11, 61.75] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen Eclampsia: 2 g per hour IV versus weight‐adjusted maintenance dose · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen Severe morbidity · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen Side effects · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.61, 1.01] | 1 study · 62 participants | Low |
Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen Death of the baby before discharge from hospital · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen Maternal death · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen Other neonatal morbidity · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: maintenance regimen by continuous infusion vs a serial IV bolus regimen Eclampsia · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 200 participants | Very low |
Prevention of eclampsia: maintenance regimen by continuous infusion vs a serial IV bolus regimen Severe morbidity · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: maintenance regimen by continuous infusion vs a serial IV bolus regimen Side effects · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 9 [0.49, 165] | 1 study · 200 participants | Very low |
Prevention of eclampsia: maintenance regimen by continuous infusion vs a serial IV bolus regimen Death of the baby before discharge: perinatal death · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.08, 2.34] | 1 study · 197 participants | Very low |
Treatment of eclampsia: loading dose alone vs loading dose plus maintenance dose regimen Other neonatal morbidity · women with eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of eclampsia: maintenance regimen by continuous infusion vs a serial IV bolus regimen Maternal death · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 200 participants | Very low |
Prevention of eclampsia: maintenance regimen by continuous infusion vs a serial IV bolus regimen Other neonatal morbidity: neonatal respiratory morbidity · women with pre‐eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.29, 1.49] | 1 study · 197 participants | Very low |
Treatment of eclampsia: lower‐dose regimens vs standard‐dose regimens Recurrence of convulsions: lower dose versus Pritchard regimen · women with eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [0.16, 17.84] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Treatment of eclampsia: lower‐dose regimens vs standard‐dose regimens Severe morbidity (renal failure): lower dose versus Pritchard regimen · women with eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.06, 13.01] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Treatment of eclampsia: lower‐dose regimens vs standard‐dose regimens Side effects · women with eclampsia Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Gestational diabetes mellitus · pregnant women (women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes are NOT included) Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.31, 0.9] | 6 studies · 1140 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Composite of serious neonatal outcomes · infants of pregnant women Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Neonatal hypoglycaemia · infants of pregnant women Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.07 [0.9, 10.52] | 4 studies · 671 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adiposity · infants of pregnant women Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Diabetes · infants of pregnant women Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Neurosensory disability · infants of pregnant women Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Weight gain during pregnancy · pregnant women (women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes are NOT included) Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 831 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy · pregnant women (women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes are NOT included) Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.19, 0.61] | 5 studies · 1052 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Caesarean section · pregnant women (women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes are NOT included) Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.77, 1.07] | 4 studies · 829 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Perineal trauma · pregnant women (women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes are NOT included) Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4 [0.45, 35.25] | 1 study · 234 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Postnatal depression · pregnant women (women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes are NOT included) Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Development of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women (women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes are NOT included) Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Large‐for‐gestational age · infants of pregnant women Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.65, 3.02] | 1 study · 234 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) · infants of pregnant women Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, eclampsia) · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.8, 1.69] | 2 studies · 1491 participants | Low |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes) Composite of mortality or serious morbidity (as defined by trial) · children (as neonate, child, adult) of women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.55, 1.29] | 3 studies · 1559 participants | Low |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes) Neurosensory disability · children (as neonate, child, adult) of women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes) Infant hypoglycaemia · children (as neonate, child, adult) of women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.72, 1.18] | 3 studies · 1556 participants | Moderate |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes) Adiposity (% fat mass) · children (as neonate, child, adult) of women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (child (as neonate, child, adult) outcomes) Diabetes · children (as neonate, child, adult) of women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) Subsequent development of type 2 diabetes · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) Caesarean section · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | 0.98 [0.82, 1.17] | 3 studies · 1662 participants | Moderate |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) Return to pre‐pregnancy weight · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) Induction of labour · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.78, 1.18] | 1 study · 1096 participants | Moderate |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) Perineal trauma · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: tight glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) Postnatal depression · women with gestational diabetes mellitus Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |