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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
793 questions in 32 reviews · Periodontology
current versionsNo studies 148 · 18.7%Ungraded 429 · 54.1%Very low 137 · 17.3%Low 53 · 6.7%Moderate 14 · 1.8%High 12 · 1.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash (adjunct to mechanical cleaning) vs Blank control (no mouthwash; before-after comparison) Total bacteria (colony count) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances) · <=3 months (short-term) The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of total bacteria were significantly reduced compared to placebos according to two studies [34, 43]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Clear aligners (CA) vs Conventional fixed orthodontic appliances (CF) Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries) · 12 months, Follow-up: 12 months White spot lesions, plaque accumulation and salivary caries-associated bacteria in clear aligners compared… (2023) | SMD -2.14 [-3.64, -0.64] | 3 studies · 113 participants | Ungraded |
Herbal mouthwash vs Blank control Gingival inflammation-related index · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | CPI was significantly reduced compared to baseline [35]; SBI was significantly reduced while MGI was similar compared to baseline [45]; BOP was significantly reduced compared to blank control [39]. | 3 studies | Very low |
Herbal mouthwash vs Blank control Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to baseline [48]; another study found an insignificant reduction compared to baseline [51]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum on Plaque Quantity in the Oral… (2022) | No adverse events reported | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Change in clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.10 [-0.05, 0.26] | 5 studies · 148 participants | Low |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) Change in clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); 3 to 4 months favoured FMD Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD -0.05 [-0.23, 0.13] | 4 studies · 112 participants | Low |
Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Pocket closure (sites with PPD <=4 mm) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Pocket closure (number/proportion of sites with PPD <=4 mm after treatment): 9 studies reported; all showed an increase in closed pockets after treatment; 8 of 9 found no between-group difference; Koshy 2005 found a… | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Xylitol sugar-free chewing gum vs No sugar-free gum / no chewing gum (or gum-base control); no chewing Plaque quantity (plaque index or plaque weight) · Adults and children (predominantly adults; one study in children), with natural dentition · End of study (last reported time point; study durations 4 days to 2 years) A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum on Plaque Quantity in the Oral… (2022) | SMD -0.743 [-1.148, -0.338] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Adverse events · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | 13 studies provided adverse-event/participant-reported information; 3 reported an event after FMD or FMS; most important harm was increased body temperature. FMD/chlorhexidine-specific harms reported by Fonseca 2015… | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Adverse events · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | 13 studies provided adverse-event/participant-reported information; 3 reported an event after FMD or FMS; most important harm was increased body temperature after treatment. Narrative, not separated by comparison and… | 13 studies | Ungraded |
Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Change in probing pocket depth (PPD) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.11 [-0.04, 0.27] | 6 studies · 214 participants | Low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Gingival index (GI) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | SMD -1.75 [-2.27, -1.24] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo) Adverse events due to periodontal therapy · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention) · 12 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.14 [0.00, 6.90] | 1 study · 165 participants | Very low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | MD -0.43 [-0.59, -0.28] | 30 studies · 2443 participants | Moderate |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Change in probing pocket depth (PPD) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.03 [-0.14, 0.20] | 5 studies · 148 participants | Low |
Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo) All cardiovascular events · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention) · 12 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | Peto OR 7.77 [1.07, 56.1] | 1 study · 165 participants | Very low |
Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only All CVD-related death · People with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | SoF row 'All CVD-related death': Outcome not reported. Results 2.1.2: Not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only All cardiovascular events · People with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis · 6 to 25 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | All cardiovascular events (Follow-up: 6 to 25 months): One study of 303 participants assessed this outcome; however, we considered data were unreliable as participants were followed up for different lengths of time,… | 1 study · 303 participants | Very low |
Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Tooth loss · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Tooth loss: None of the studies comparing FMD vs control reported tooth loss. | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Quality of life indicators · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | Three studies measured QoL. Vergnes 2018: overall GOHAI adjusted MD 7.0 (95% CI 2.4 to 11.6), 79 participants (better oral health-related QoL); no clear change in general SF-36 QoL. D'Aiuto 2018 ADDQoL better in… | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | SMD -2.05 [-2.57, -1.53] | 18 studies | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | MD -0.56 [-0.72, -0.40] | 21 studies | Ungraded |
Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo) All CVD-related death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention) · 12 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | Peto OR 7.48 [0.15, 376.98] | 1 study · 165 participants | Very low |
Sugar-free chewing gum (any polyol: xylitol, sorbitol, or maltitol), chewed regularly vs No sugar-free gum / no chewing gum (or gum-base control); no chewing Plaque quantity (plaque index or plaque weight) · Adults and children (predominantly adults; one study in children), with natural dentition · End of study (last reported time point; study durations 4 days to 2 years) A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum on Plaque Quantity in the Oral… (2022) | SMD -0.778 [-1.167, -0.390] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD 2.64 [-8.81, 14.09] | 3 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only All-cause death · People with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | SoF row 'All-cause death': Outcome not reported. Results 2.1.1: Not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Bleeding on probing (BOP) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | MD -15.56 [-21.77, -9.36] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD 9.54 [-2.24, 21.32] | 4 studies · 92 participants | Very low |
Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo) All-cause death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention) · 12 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | Peto OR 7.48 [0.15, 376.98] | 1 study · 165 participants | Very low |
Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only Adverse events due to periodontal therapy · People with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis · 6 to 25 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | Adverse events: because of variable follow-up (6 to 25 months) and almost 90% loss to follow-up by one year, results were not considered useful for analysis; uncertain whether adverse events are more likely with either… | 1 study · 303 participants | Ungraded |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) Change in probing pocket depth (PPD) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD -0.11 [-0.30, 0.07] | 4 studies · 112 participants | Low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Diabetic complications · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | Included studies did not report data on diabetic complications (some reported medication changes only) | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Adverse effects of treatment · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | SoF comment: insufficient evidence to determine whether SRP for glycaemic control is associated with any harms; most studies did not evaluate adverse effects. Where reported (e.g. D'Aiuto 2018) serious adverse events… | NR | Ungraded |
Sugar-free chewing gum (any polyol: xylitol, sorbitol, or maltitol), chewed regularly vs No sugar-free gum / no chewing gum (or gum-base control); no chewing Plaque quantity (plaque index or plaque weight) · Adults and children (predominantly adults; one study in children), with natural dentition · End of study (last reported time point; study durations 4 days to 2 years), Sensitivity analysis (pre-post correlation set to 0.95 for the SFG group) A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum on Plaque Quantity in the Oral… (2022) | SMD -1.098 [-1.539, -0.656] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Change in clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.07 [-0.11, 0.24] | 6 studies · 214 participants | Low |
Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) · People with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis · 12 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | Serum hs-CRP tested at one year; as loss to follow-up was almost 90%, data not considered useful for analysis (no usable estimate). | 1 study · 37 participants | Ungraded |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | MD -0.20 [-13.27, 12.87] | 2 studies · 42 participants | Very low |
Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo) C-reactive protein (CRP) · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention) · 12 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | beta coefficient -0.002 [-0.19, 0.20] | 1 study | Very low |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) Tooth loss · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Tooth loss: None of the studies comparing FMS vs FMD reported tooth loss. | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Cost implications · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | Included studies did not report cost data. A brief economic commentary drew on four external economic evaluations (Smits 2020, Nasseh 2017, Choi 2020, Soloweij-Wedderburn 2017) suggesting potential cost… | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Clinical attachment level (CAL) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | MD -0.48 [-0.65, -0.31] | 18 studies | Ungraded |
Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo) Fibrinogen · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention) · 12 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | beta coefficient 10.9 [-12.0, 33.8] | 1 study | Very low |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Tooth loss · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Tooth loss: None of the studies comparing FMS vs control reported tooth loss. | 0 studies | No studies |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Pocket closure (sites with PPD <=4 mm) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Pocket closure (sites with PPD <=4 mm after treatment): 9 studies reported; all showed increased closed pockets after treatment; 8 of 9 found no between-group difference; Koshy 2005 found a greater change in both… | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term (follow-up 2 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis and hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -8.40 [-12.19, -4.61] | 1 study · 101 participants | Moderate |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term (follow-up 12 months), People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.2 [-3.02, 2.62] | 1 study · 168 participants | Low |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -1.85 [-2.41, -1.29] | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | No included study in this comparison reported the proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion. | NR | No studies |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Long term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD 1.48 [0.67, 2.29] | 1 study · 120 participants | Ungraded |