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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
264 questions in 10 reviews · Other oral health
current versionsNo studies 45 · 17%Ungraded 127 · 48.1%Very low 24 · 9.1%Low 46 · 17.4%Moderate 13 · 4.9%High 9 · 3.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs Placebo Episode frequency associated with oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2… | NR | Ungraded |
Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs Placebo Safety of the intervention including adverse effects · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2… | NR | Ungraded |
Interferon-alpha 1000 IU lozenges (topical) vs Interferon-alpha 2000 IU lozenges (topical) Total ulcer burden · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… · Interferon-alpha dose comparison Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | Kilic 2009 (interferon-alpha 1000 IU vs 2000 IU lozenges, 84 patients): the data presented did not allow analysis; authors reported no statistically significant difference in total ulcer burden between the two doses. | 1 study · 84 participants | Ungraded |
Thalidomide (systemic; 100 mg or 300 mg daily) vs Placebo Safety of the intervention including adverse effects · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… · Males only Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | Hamuryudan 1998: significant adverse effects including severe sedation, polyneuropathy, loss of libido, and weight gain; a greater number of adverse events was seen for the higher (300 mg) dose; 4 patients withdrew due… | 1 study · 101 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic interventions (aciclovir, thalidomide, corticosteroids, rebamipide, etanercept, colchicine, interferon-alpha) vs Placebo Episode frequency associated with oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | SoF 2 (systemic interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim; the review's wording "topical" is a typo for systemic): "8 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical… | NR | Ungraded |
Sucralfate suspension (topical) vs Placebo suspension Number of painful days · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… · End of treatment Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | MD 9.00 [-4.25, 22.25] | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Colchicine (systemic; 0.5 mg three times daily for 6 months) vs Placebo Improvement in oral ulcer score · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… · 6 months Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.48, 1.17] | 1 study · 28 participants | Ungraded |
Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs Placebo Pain associated with oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2… | NR | Ungraded |
Thalidomide (systemic; 100 mg or 300 mg daily) vs Placebo Number of (minor aphthous) oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… · Males only Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | Hamuryudan 1998 (thalidomide 100 mg or 300 mg daily vs placebo, 101 male patients; high risk of reporting bias): a significant effect on mean numbers of minor oral ulcers was reported from week 4 in both thalidomide… | 1 study · 101 participants | Ungraded |
Cyclosporin A in orabase (topical, 70 mg/g) vs Placebo (orabase) Oral ulcers (number, size, healing time) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | Ergun 1997 (cyclosporin A in orabase vs placebo orabase, 24 patients; high risk of reporting bias): no data were presented; authors reported no clinical improvement in the number, size, and healing time of ulcers for… | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Depot corticosteroids (systemic; 40 mg methylprednisolone IM every 3 weeks for 27 weeks) vs Placebo (saline IM injection) Mean number of oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… · End of treatment (week 27) Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-0.47, 0.47] | 1 study · 85 participants | Ungraded |
Interferon-alpha (systemic) vs Placebo (subcutaneous) Safety of the intervention including adverse effects · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | Alpsoy 2002: high rate of adverse events including alopecia, leukopenia, and diarrhoea; 18 of 23 patients in the treatment arm experienced mild flu-like symptoms. | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Cyclosporin (systemic; 10 mg/kg/day for 16 weeks) vs Colchicine (systemic; 1 mg daily) Alleviation of oral aphthous ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… · 16 weeks Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3.3 [1.85, 5.88] | 1 study · 92 participants | Ungraded |
Sucralfate suspension (topical) vs Placebo suspension Frequency of oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… · End of treatment (3 months) Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | MD -0.80 [-2.12, 0.52] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs Placebo Episode duration associated with oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically;… Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease (2014) · Cochrane | SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2… | NR | Ungraded |
Fee-for-service remuneration vs No specific intervention (control) Healthcare costs: cost-effectiveness of fee-for-service vs control (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, reported as % change in outcome per GBP; currency year NR) · Dentists seeing children with erupted second permanent molars (Scotland, in areas representing the four most deprived… · 18 months The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | ICER 0.10 | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Calculus at 7 months (Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index, mean height of calculus in mm) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 7 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.04 [-0.21, 0.13] | 1 study · 78 participants | Ungraded |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of non-clinical behaviour: proportion of dentists introducing innovations into their dental practices · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Participant-centred outcomes (quality of life; satisfaction with product) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | No studies reported any participant-centred outcomes. | 0 studies | No studies |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Plaque at 6 to 7 months (Quigley-Hein Plaque Index, 0 to 5 scale) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 6 to 7 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.47 [-0.60, -0.34] | 20 studies · 2675 participants | Moderate |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Root caries at 36 months (Katz Root Caries Index) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 36 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.31 [-0.39, -0.23] | 1 study · 1357 participants | Moderate |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Gingival bleeding at 6 to 7 months (Gingivitis Severity Index, proportion of sites bleeding, i.e. 2 or 3 on the Loe-Silness Gingival Index) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 6 to 7 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.13 [-0.17, -0.08] | 15 studies · 1998 participants | Moderate |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds having one or more teeth extracted · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Rural community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.70 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of health service utilisation: mean number of visits per 0- to 15-year-old · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Commuter suburb community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.4 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Gingivitis at 6 to 9 months (Loe-Silness Gingival Index, 0 to 3 scale) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 6 to 9 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.27 [-0.33, -0.21] | 20 studies · 2743 participants | Moderate |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Plaque severity at 6 to 7 months (Plaque Severity Index, proportion of surfaces scoring > 3 on the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 6 to 7 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.15 [-0.20, -0.10] | 13 studies · 1850 participants | Moderate |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Coronal caries increment at 30 to 36 months (decayed filled teeth, DFT) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 30 to 36 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.06 [-0.14, 0.02] | 3 studies · 6300 participants | High |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean number of decayed teeth per 14- to 15-year-old (data for 0- to 15-year-olds NR) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Scottish community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD 0.15 | 1 study · 1919 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Unintended effects: self-reported temptation to under-prescribe (0- to 100-point visual analogue scale) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD 20.6 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds receiving active preventive advice · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Northern urban community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.42 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Fee-for-service remuneration vs No specific intervention (control) Measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 12- to 14-year-olds receiving fissure sealants for second permanent molars per dentist (weighted by number of children seen) - unadjusted · Dentists seeing children with erupted second permanent molars (Scotland, in areas representing the four most deprived… · 18 months The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RD 7.1 [-1.9, 16.1] | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean number of decayed teeth per 14- to 15-year-old (data for 0- to 15-year-olds NR) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Commuter suburb community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD 0.07 | 1 study · 1919 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Healthcare costs: mean expenditure in GBP per 0- to 15-year-old (currency year NR) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 1 year, Scottish community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD 1.52 | 1 study · 276414 participants | Low |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Gingival bleeding at 6 months (number of sites bleeding on probing or spontaneously) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 6 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD 0.14 [-1.11, 1.39] | 1 study · 329 participants | Ungraded |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Unintended effects: self-reported temptation to over-prescribe (0- to 100-point visual analogue scale) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD -14.9 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of health service utilisation: mean number of visits per 0- to 15-year-old · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Scottish community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.5 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Calculus at 6 months (Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index in mm, mean total calculus per participant) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 6 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -2.12 [-3.39, -0.84] | 2 studies · 415 participants | Low |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Adverse effects (tooth staining, Meckel Stain Score, 6 months) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 6 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.15 [-0.60, 0.30] | 1 study · 325 participants | Ungraded |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean number of filled teeth per 0- to 15-year-old · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Commuter suburb community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.03 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds receiving active preventive advice · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Rural community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds having one or more teeth extracted · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Commuter suburb community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean number of decayed teeth per 14- to 15-year-old (data for 0- to 15-year-olds NR) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Rural community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD 0.75 | 1 study · 1919 participants | Low |
Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan Coronal caries increment at 24 to 36 months (decayed filled surfaces, DFS) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in… · 24 to 36 months Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.16 [-0.31, -0.02] | 4 studies · 9692 participants | High |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Healthcare costs: mean expenditure in GBP per 0- to 15-year-old (currency year NR) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 1 year, Northern urban community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD 4.22 | 1 study · 276414 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of health service utilisation: mean number of visits per 0- to 15-year-old · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Rural community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.3 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds having one or more teeth extracted · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Northern urban community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds receiving active preventive advice · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Scottish community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of health service utilisation: mean number of visits per 0- to 15-year-old · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Northern urban community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.4 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean number of filled teeth per 0- to 15-year-old · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Scottish community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.28 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds having one or more teeth extracted · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Scottish community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |