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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,325 questions in 34 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer
current versionsNo studies 164 · 12.4%Ungraded 841 · 63.5%Very low 209 · 15.8%Low 72 · 5.4%Moderate 38 · 2.9%High 1 · 0.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of SMIM10L1 (chr12p13.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), SMIM10L1 (chr12p13.2); 46 (3) tissues; significant (Bonferroni p < 3.09x10-6) Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) -0.35 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs8091366 (18:24715618; nearest gene(s) CHST9, KCTD1) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), rs8091366 (18:24715618); effect/non-effect allele A/G; MAF 0.52; direction across 5 cohorts +++++ Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) 4.476 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs563135 (10:115067899; nearest gene(s) TCF7L2, CASP7) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), rs563135 (10:115067899); effect/non-effect allele A/C; MAF 0.51; direction across 5 cohorts ----- Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) -4.532 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs1044956 (7:24854765; nearest gene(s) OSBPL3, NPVF) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), rs1044956 (7:24854765); effect/non-effect allele A/G; MAF 0.49; direction across 5 cohorts +++++ Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) 4.551 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs9889096 (16:13575143; nearest gene(s) SHISA9) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), rs9889096 (16:13575143); effect/non-effect allele T/G; MAF 0.50; direction across 5 cohorts --+-- Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) -4.541 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs7325099 (13:28104496; nearest gene(s) LNX2, POLR1D, RPL21) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), rs7325099 (13:28104496); effect/non-effect allele A/C; MAF 0.50; direction across 5 cohorts ++?++ Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) 4.485 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of LACC1 (chr13q14.11) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), LACC1 (chr13q14.11); 48 (4) tissues; suggestive (p < 1.0x10-4) ; flagged possible false positive Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) 0.10 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of NRAD1 (LINC00284) (chr13q14.11) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), NRAD1 (LINC00284) (chr13q14.11); 30 (5) tissues; significant (Bonferroni p < 3.09x10-6) ; flagged possible false positive Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) 0.13 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of TAS2R31 (chr12p13.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), TAS2R31 (chr12p13.2); 41 (4) tissues; suggestive (p < 1.0x10-4) Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) -0.25 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of TAS2R14 (chr12p13.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), TAS2R14 (chr12p13.2); 48 (4) tissues; significant (Bonferroni p < 3.09x10-6) Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) 0.47 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of IGSF5 (chr21q22.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), IGSF5 (chr21q22.2); 27 (11) tissues; suggestive (p < 1.0x10-4) ; flagged possible false positive Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) 0.63 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of LINC02905 (C8orf49) (chr8p23.1) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), LINC02905 (C8orf49) (chr8p23.1); 9 (3) tissues; significant (Bonferroni p < 3.09x10-6) ; flagged possible false positive Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) -0.35 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs76823412 (8:134690570; nearest gene(s) ST3GAL1) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), rs76823412 (8:134690570); effect/non-effect allele T/C; MAF 0.47; direction across 5 cohorts +++++ Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) 4.806 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs74470773 (3:33958083; nearest gene(s) PDCD6IP) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), rs74470773 (3:33958083); effect/non-effect allele T/C; MAF 0.47; direction across 5 cohorts ----- Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) -4.589 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression) Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of CDH17 (chr8q22.1) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), CDH17 (chr8q22.1); 23 (5) tissues; significant (Bonferroni p < 3.09x10-6) Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide… (2022) | Z-score (cross-tissue mean, S-MultiXcan) 1.74 | 5 studies · 2974 participants | Ungraded |
Oral cytology (e.g. OralCDx brush biopsy, CytID) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative) Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | Oral cytology (e.g. brush biopsy) was added to the list of eligible index tests in this update; no eligible studies evaluated it (evidence gap). | 0 studies | No studies |
Chemotherapy regimen A (+/- locoregional treatment) vs Chemotherapy regimen B (+/- locoregional treatment) Disease-free survival, chemotherapy regimen A vs regimen B · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | Induction cisplatin+5-FU+docetaxel vs cisplatin+5-FU: disease-free survival HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.91, P = 0.006; Vermorken 2007). Prior to concurrent chemoradiation: Posner 2007 HR 0.71 (0.56 to 0.90, P = 0.005).… | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone Overall survival, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + docetaxel prior to concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin) vs concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin) · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.08 [0.80, 1.44] | 3 studies · 760 participants | Low |
Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone Locoregional control, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + docetaxel prior to concurrent chemoradiation vs concurrent chemoradiation · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.80 [0.64, 0.99] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
COE with blood/salivary (biomarker) analysis vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative) Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | There were no eligible studies evaluating blood or salivary sample analysis (which tests for the presence of biomarkers for OPMD and OSCC). | 0 studies | No studies |
Remote screening of the oral cavity (mobile application/telemedicine) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative) Specificity for detection of oral cavity cancer/OPMD · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | Summary of findings 4 (no pooled analysis): specificity 0.99 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.00), 1.00 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.00), and 0.72 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.80) across the 3 studies. Certainty VERY LOW. | 3 studies · 3600 participants | Very low |
Remote screening of the oral cavity (mobile application/telemedicine) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative) Sensitivity for detection of oral cavity cancer/OPMD · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | Summary of findings 4 (no pooled analysis): sensitivity 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.88), 0.82 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.96), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.00) across the 3 studies. Prevalence 12.2% to 30.9%. Certainty VERY LOW. | 3 studies · 3600 participants | Very low |
Chemotherapy (any regimen; added to, or compared with, locoregional treatment) vs Locoregional treatment and/or an alternative chemotherapy regimen Quality of life · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | Quality of life was a planned (protocol) outcome but no included trial provided usable quality-of-life data; the protocol was modified to report only survival/response outcomes. | 0 studies | No studies |
Oral cytology (e.g. brush cytology, OralCDx brush biopsy) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment Sensitivity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous… Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically… (2021) · Cochrane | Sensitivity 0.90 [0.82, 0.94] | 20 studies | Moderate |
Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone Overall survival, induction platinum + 5-fluorouracil prior to surgery vs surgery alone · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.06 [0.71, 1.60] | 1 study · 198 participants | Low |
Chemotherapy regimen A (+/- locoregional treatment) vs Chemotherapy regimen B (+/- locoregional treatment) Overall survival, chemotherapy regimen A vs regimen B · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | Eight of 11 induction-before-radiotherapy studies reported overall survival; not pooled (heterogeneity). Only Vermorken 2007 significant: cisplatin+5-FU+docetaxel induction HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.93, P = 0.01).… | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Chemotherapy vs Placebo Outcome NR · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | Types of studies: it was anticipated that there would be no studies comparing chemotherapy with placebo (none were identified). | 0 studies | No studies |
COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) vs Conventional oral examination (COE) alone Specificity (COE plus vital rinsing arm) · OSCC or OPMD symptom-free individuals with tobacco habits Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | Specificity 0.91 [0.90, 0.91] | 1 study · 4080 participants | Moderate |
COE with light-based detection (e.g. ViziLite Plus, Microlux/DL, VELscope, Identafi 3000) vs COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | No eligible studies; planned comparative analysis (COE with vital rinse vs COE with light-based detection) not populated in this version. | 0 studies | No studies |
Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone Overall survival, induction platinum + 5-fluorouracil prior to radiotherapy vs radiotherapy alone · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.85 [0.70, 1.04] | 5 studies · 7427 participants | Moderate |
Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone Disease-free survival, induction platinum + 5-fluorouracil prior to radiotherapy vs radiotherapy alone · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.78 [0.63, 0.97] | 3 studies · 332 participants | Ungraded |
Blood and saliva analysis (biomarker tests) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment Outcome NR · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous… Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically… (2021) · Cochrane | No eligible studies assessed the diagnostic test accuracy of blood and saliva analysis; potentially eligible biomarker studies were excluded as case-control designs. | 0 studies | No studies |
COE with blood/salivary (biomarker) analysis vs COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | No eligible studies; planned comparative analysis (COE with vital rinse vs COE with blood/salivary analysis) not populated in this version. | 0 studies | No studies |
Light-based detection and/or oral spectroscopy (e.g. ViziLite, VELscope, Microlux DL, Identafi 3000) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous… Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically… (2021) · Cochrane | Specificity 0.50 [0.32, 0.68] | 23 studies | Very low |
Vital staining (e.g. toluidine blue, tolonium chloride) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous… Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically… (2021) · Cochrane | Specificity 0.68 [0.58, 0.77] | 20 studies | Very low |
COE with blood/salivary (biomarker) analysis vs Conventional oral examination (COE) alone Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | No eligible studies; planned comparative analysis (COE vs COE with blood/salivary analysis) not populated in this version. | 0 studies | No studies |
Vital staining (e.g. toluidine blue, tolonium chloride) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment Sensitivity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous… Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically… (2021) · Cochrane | Sensitivity 0.86 [0.79, 0.90] | 20 studies | Low |
COE with light-based detection (e.g. ViziLite Plus, Microlux/DL, VELscope, Identafi 3000) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative) Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | There were no eligible studies evaluating light-based detection. | 0 studies | No studies |
Concomitant (concurrent) chemoradiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone (non-resectable tumours) Locoregional control, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (platinum + 5-fluorouracil) vs radiotherapy alone (pooled) · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.61, 0.93] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) vs Conventional oral examination (COE) alone Detection rate of oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions after referral (COE+vital rinsing vs COE alone) · OSCC or OPMD symptom-free individuals with tobacco habits Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.05 [0.74, 1.41] | 1 study · 7975 participants | Moderate |
Combined index tests (e.g. vital staining plus light-based detection or cytology) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous… Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically… (2021) · Cochrane | Specificity 0.71 [0.53, 0.84] | 9 studies | Very low |
Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy vs Surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy only) Overall survival, adjuvant chemotherapy vs observation alone following surgery · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.95 [0.73, 1.22] | 5 studies · 353 participants | Moderate |
Chemotherapy (any regimen; added to, or compared with, locoregional treatment) vs Locoregional treatment and/or an alternative chemotherapy regimen Toxicity / adverse effects (harms) of chemotherapy · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | Harms/toxicity were planned but very little quantitative data suitable for analysis were found; toxicity reported narratively and not quantified or GRADE-rated. | NR | Ungraded |
COE with light-based detection (e.g. ViziLite Plus, Microlux/DL, VELscope, Identafi 3000) vs Conventional oral examination (COE) alone Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | No eligible studies; planned comparative analysis (COE vs COE with light-based detection) not populated in this version. | 0 studies | No studies |
Concomitant (concurrent) chemoradiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone (non-resectable tumours) Disease-free survival, concurrent chemoradiotherapy vs radiotherapy alone (pooled) · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.74 [0.67, 0.80] | 13 studies | Ungraded |
COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative) Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | No eligible study evaluated COE with vital rinse as a stand-alone screen against the reference standard in this version. | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy vs Surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy only) Disease-free survival, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation vs adjuvant radiotherapy (pooled) · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy vs Surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy only) Overall survival, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation vs adjuvant radiotherapy · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.98] | 4 studies · 1097 participants | Moderate |
COE with blood/salivary (biomarker) analysis vs COE with light-based detection (e.g. ViziLite Plus, Microlux/DL, VELscope, Identafi 3000) Outcome NR · Apparently healthy adults not reporting symptoms of OPMD or OSCC, attending an organised screening or surveillance… Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | No eligible studies; planned comparative analysis (COE with light-based detection vs COE with blood/salivary analysis) not populated in this version. | 0 studies | No studies |
COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) vs Conventional oral examination (COE) alone Specificity (COE alone arm) · OSCC or OPMD symptom-free individuals with tobacco habits Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in… (2021) · Cochrane | Specificity 0.92 [0.91, 0.93] | 1 study · 3895 participants | Moderate |